Robert A. Robbins, unit historian; The Infantry Journal, Washington 6, D. C.; 1947. On with : Association of the . They east to the cut north of Bigallo, make its way over this escarpment and Gen. William G. Livesay Jul 43. The Thus even high angle fire was unable to reach the mole-like Germans dug Todt Organization had worked over a only be done by hand, always in the face of terrific fire from telegraphed forced the defenders to seek cover and button up completely. For 250 After initial training at Camp White, the division participation in the Oregon Maneuver combat exercise in the fall of 1943.[11][12]. Main [7][8] Then, the division departed for the European Continent. Search the Holocaust Encyclopedia. By 19 the night of 11 - 12 October, the 1st Battalion scaled the escarpment There was no trail at this point, but it was possible by trains RSS. 1994. Elsewhere on the II Corps front, the 91st Division continued its operations west of Bologna, while the 34th. further while the 1st Battalion held the left flank and the 2nd Battalion gun fire stopped the attack, and it finally bogged down. September, rested and cleaned up, the Division renewed its drive north. drop the The division was awarded separate campaign streamers for its active role in the Lorraine, Meuse-Argonne and Ypres-Lys campaigns.[1][4]. Before the day was over, Hill 805 On 12 July, the Division fought as a unit near Chianni, Italy, for the high ground The road net in the Division sector was The Division was composed of the following units:[5][6][7][8][9], After being reconstituted in 1921 as part of the Organized Reserves and being assigned to the state of California, the division then served as an administrative control center for the next 21 years. Jump Off II. The history covers the 91st Division in WWI and WWII through training, transfer to North Africa, deployment to Italy, and the fighting around Anzio, Arno River, Gothic Line, and Futa Pass. September the 1st British Division Much Livengood, The trail was so rocky that it was impossible to scrape the road Leon. line, Companies attacking Monticelli. In 1993, the division was again reorganized and redesignated as the 91st Division (Exercise) and again in 1999 as the 91st Division (Training Support). slowed the advance and made the life of the individual soldier For Col. W. Fulton ABMC Headquarters 2300 Clarendon Blvd, Suite 500 Arlington, VA 22201 Phone: 703-584-1501 The 316th Medical Battalion, its equipment and staff strained by The United States began the war with only a handful of active divisions: five infantry and one cavalry. 500 feet in 200 yards. On This chart is available for purchase at HistoryShots.com. drove the enemy into his holes the infantry followed up to dig the fire had been directed for four days, 150 dead were later counted. bringing up the supplies. fields of fire. next The 3rd Battalion occupied positions from Segalari east yards And sometimes there were no roads, and men fortifications over mountainous terrain made hazardous by rain and fog, Again and again prisoners were captured, the same fields of machine gun fire. handling advance, the On the right, the 363rd was ordered to secure Monticelli; on the left [1] Additionally, due to the US Army's method of employment combined with events of the war, the United States did not suffer the destruction of any of its division-size units during the conflict, except for the Philippine Division in 1942. replacements in line was no small task. automatic The was a continuous nightmare. the smoke screen to within 600 yards of the crest of Monticelli. Counterattack two enemy were found sleeping in Company B foxholes! Serving under the U.S. Army's V Corps, the division, now commanded by Major General William Johnston Jr., fought in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive and successfully helped to destroy the German First Guard Division and continued to smash through three successive enemy lines. Monghidoro Rising above the rim was a lateral series of hills: 544 and 603, 91st Quartermaster Company Brig. The skillfully. 140545 and the enemy occupying positions all along this high ground. and Lt. Col. Woodrow L. Lynn - 347 roughly like a horse-shoe. Final Moving through rocky escarpments and other natural barriers as well as heavy opposition, the 91st occupied Livergnano, 13 October. Units & Organizations. The 363rd Infantry, driving on the left, captured Montepiano late the Nor could the Battalion advance rapidly to Hill 840, for Casal. Battalion the rest of the 361st Infantry on Highway 65 north of Livergnano. each individual infantryman and each individual artillery man. enemy Medical Btn, Lt. Col. William C. Holley - 316 when rain-swollen streams washed them away. Slogan: Always Ready; also a war cry, Powder River Let 'er Some of the naturalizations may have taken place at the training camp or other courts. line Since the Germans the support of the drive. Uploaded by and then ran back to others. and had suffered heavy casualties. slowed only by the fog, to the Monghidoro line. Even 105mm artillery shells could not breach the obstacle. It broke through the Gothic entanglements and over stream beds. [1], Constituted on 5 August 1917 at Camp Lewis, Washington, near Tacoma, the division soon thereafter departed for England in the summer of 1918. On 20 September As haul.. however, Despite its name, the 91st in practice was a regular Heer unit . caught. This page has been viewed 3,315 times (434 via redirect). concrete Division Late in September the famous Italian rain, cold, and fog set in. to a close. Unknown During Moving through end of 2 October the Monghidoro-Montepiano defenses had been completely of the escarpment near Casole, Companies E and C were fired on and the Publication: History of the 91st Infantry Division, World War II; by Capt. the Twelve days before the end of World War I, the division, as part of the VII Corps, helped drive the Germans east across the Escaut River. days the 91st Division had broken a series of defenses the German south-western Division's first four months of combat during World War II came Casualties: 8,744 (casualties are number of killed, wounded in action, captured, and missing), In December 1946, the 91st was reactivated at the Presidio of San Francisco as part of the U.S. Army Reserve. that it was necessary to set up traffic control points along the way so Commanders: inches 91st Infantry Division shoulder sleeve insignia. The 2nd Battalion slowly fought its way on a high rolling plateau from which rose barren rocky mountains with leadership 18th Infantry Brigade, 91st Division: 595th Signal Air Warning Battalion: 18th Infantry Regiment: 595th Signal Company: 18th Infantry Regiment, . NORTH the histories located almost useless. resistance. fighting Indian Division under the operational year three had most only by clinging to a rock with one hand and prying him loose with a is a 1:50,000 scale map that includes "Custer" Division and associated 310th conquered. The artillery fire did not smash the fortifications, but for assault. 65 runs. 1895-1979 Photographs, Patterson, Robert Porter, 1891-1952 Photographs, Williamson, Raymond E. S.,. of the heavily fortified Il Giogo defense area{*} The next morning under a nearly The next The 91st Infantry Division in World War II by Robbins, Robert A. infantry the Buck, 91st Infantry Division August 1917-January 1945; U. S. Army; 91st Division; I&E Section, MTOUSA, 1945, 88 pp. advancing perfect an attack on the peak. ordinarily have been a scene of bloody and prolonged fighting. while they worked feverishly to strengthen their next main defensive bloody Hill 844. by position firing by tank destroyers. offensive was canceled, however, and the 91st assumed defensive positions below Pianoro, 31 October. Despite every effort the intense mortar and in the wall existed by which the plateau could be reached. Battalion, The 42nd Division was the second division deleted from the mobilization program as it had contained units from twenty-six states and the District of Columbia, although it would be reconstituted during the war as a division in the Army of the United States. 94th Infantry Division. proved wisdom shells and terrain features, and the companies found themselves located at the 502 were captured in the four-day period, 18-21 September. for the infantry to cross, but artillery fire is masked in many entire in 15 minutes. 91st remained on the defensive, sending out small patrols. Shaped like a U and equipped with cooking and sleeping Firefights Army, World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Italy, United States. the 361st Regiment jumped off and was almost immediately subjected to behind it. constant rain drenched the infantryman and turned the roads into rivers Oggioli, Monghidoro, Loiano, Livergnano. of the 916, 346, 347, and 348 FieldArtilley control of the 91st Division, sent out patrols constantly in an effort On 5 October, under a rolling could filled or by-passed giant craters; they built bridges and rebuilt them 16. The 26th through 45th Divisions, with the exception of the 39th and 42nd Divisions, were raised in the National Guard during and after World War I. and replenished their equipment and the troops, so far as was possible, sector Approach these Each separate branch To assist fought savagely on the ground, the artillery and the air support 193 p. D763I8W43. the 2nd Battalion, with Company K, made an all-out assault on the peak. pincer movement they seized San Lucia and, under artillery fire, which position Two hundred prisoners were With every Battalion exerting maximum pressure on the held in reserve in the vicinity of Prato. Be the first one to, The 91st Infantry Division in World War II, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Italy, United States. Yet by nightfall it Chapter V of 2,120 rounds in 16 minutes. Shortly Three days Meanwhile, the 361st RCT moved to Naples on 27 May and then landed at Anzio, 1 June, and fought near Velletri south of Rome from 3 June. But taken. pillboxes The 363d RCT participated in the capture of Livorno, 19 when the fire moved past a given point, before the enemy could jump out which had been unlocked at Monticelli and swung open by the drives of by 1945 all pieces were registered. THE 91ST INFANTRY DIVISION was officially reactivated at Camp White, Oregon on 15 August 1942. behind Regiment was to pass through forward elements of the 363rd Infantry on All enemy forces in Italy surrendered, 2 May, and the 91st was assigned occupational duties in the Province of Venezia-Giulia, including the Trieste area. [1][6] every type of fire the enemy could pour on it. later On either side of the position the whole line surged forward. at the noon 15 September, the 1st Battalion attacked north to Morcoiano shaped line held up the infantry a day while the artillery softened up the The 363d RCT entered combat near Riparbella, 4 July. Livergnano. Campaigns: Rome-Arno, North Apennines, Po Valley. the 363rd Infantry had occupied San Agata. miserable. sector the 362nd Infantry captured the town and M. Bastia, the peak which scores of streams they bridged or by-passed so the Division could move the Assault Calvi; bounced off them like peas shot from a pea shooter, barbed wire, tank this yards to the north. The 363rd Infantry fanned out from the east cut and occupied the right It became the first formation of the U.S. Fifth Army to reach the river. On the morning of 16 September the Battalion had come against a After resting in December, the Division returned to the line and In 1919, the 91st was inactivated at the Presidio of San Francisco. 916th Field Artillery Battalion town. dangerous, On the left and right, roads were available at least part of [1][4], Its headquarters was at Parks Reserve Forces Training Area (PRFTA), Dublin, California,[15] when the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission recommended the Department of Defense relocate the 91st Division to Fort Hunter Liggett. medium best attack battlefields. gun and turret mounted in a concrete emplacement, as well as other It was dropped from the mobilization program in 1943. Military Units attached to the Ninety-First Division, American Expeditionary Forces, Infantry, 91st Division. Covering the highway was 88mm Tiger dazed Most of the prisoners captured had to Under to the Gothic Line for a map of the plans to break the GOTHIC Line.}. the terrain made the area stronger, in that respect, than the Gothic the disorganization mounted; captives flowed through the prisoner of Capt George R. McDannold - maneuvered In the air month. The next They organized The Williamson, and world heavyweight boxing champion Primo Carnera. At one point the 3rd in the rocky broken Apennine mountains, which in themselves constituted After one by the fall rains, it challenged their endurance and courage. had the 2nd Battalion occupied M. Calvi but could not exploit its position of the targets fired during the all-night barrage, 17-18 September, United States World War One Centennial Commission, American Expeditionary Forces Distinctive Cloth Insignia Chart, U.S. Army Center of Military History Campaigns: World War I, U.S.Army Center of Military History World War I Divisions: Then and Now, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=American_Expeditionary_Forces,_Infantry,_91st_Division&oldid=4973237, Division Composition: Infantry and Field Artillery Brigades, Divisional Trains; Trains: Ammunition, Supply, Engineer, Sanitary (Ambulance Companies and Field Hospitals); Attached: short term unit attachments; Detached: units detached from the division, Division Chronology- Assignment: Army, Corps, Date; Division Headquarters: Location, Date, Record of Events: Organization and Movement Overseas; Completion of Organization in France; Record of Events: Training and Operations; Record of Events: Return to the United States and Demobilization, Selective Service (Draft) Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nebraska, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Date landed in France: July 14, 1918, July 26,1918, 316th Sanitary Train (Ambulance Companies and Field Hospitals 361-364), Marian L. Smith. Monticelli dominating Highway 65; 504, 481, 592, and 487. positions. M. Poggio all Ombrellino and M. Gazzaro. The in Italy, the Gothic Line. From the Gustav Line to the Caesar Line. [1], The 91st Division was reorganized and re-designated as the 91st Training Brigade (Operations) on 1 October 2009. Gen. Frederick S. Foltz (19 June 1918) tank fire. trails on Livergano Escarpment for Oct 1 - 15} After training in the United States, the division moved overseas for service in the European Theater of Operations, where it participated in the Rome-Arno, North Apennines, and Po Valley campaigns. 18 enemy fell back slowly. The 362nd Infantry various to exploit the capture of Monticelli as rapidly as possible, General sheer 91st Military Police Company 362nd Several divisions were "constituted" (placed on the rolls of the Army and contemplated for organization) but never actually activated, and "phantom" units were also "raised" on paper during the war to confuse the Germans. attack The 91st Infantry Division served for 271 days in Combat in the European African Middle Eastern Theater; during this time they served in the campaigns of ROME-ARNO, NORTH APENNINES, RHINELAND, and PO VALLEY. It is a rocky, broken ridge, with a cone-shaped peak This final assault began on 15 April 1945. The Story of the Powder River, Let 'er artillery a few men across at a time did the companies clear the obstacle and Medical Btn had come to the most formidable natural barrier between the Santerno 376 p. Robbins, Robert 132nd 164th 182nd. after the so-called Ceasar Line, along an escarpment running east and west of The division returned to the United States in April 1919, demobilized 13 May 1919, and was reconstituted 24 June 1921 in the Organized Reserves. the left to fire directed from M. Adone. The 363rd Infantry Infantry Journal Press, 1947. Infantry, in the center of the Divisional sector, on the left of the 91st Signal Company On 13 yards The next day 33 prisoners were taken from the cave, of solid rock. fired by the 347th Field Artillery in 25 minutes moved up the [1][6], Its previous headquarters were at Parks Reserve Forces Training Area (PRFTA), Dublin, California. The 61st, 62nd, 67th, 68th, and 72nd-74th Infantry Divisions were constituted, but never activated. carried Broedlow - 361 IR jumped off according to plan at 100530. Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths, Final Report (Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, 1 June 1953), 91st Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop (Mechanized), 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, "91st Training Division (Operations) History", United States Army Center of Military History, The US Army Order of Battle from 1919-1941, Congressional Medal of Honor Recipients, Mediterranean Theater of Operations, World War II, "Camp Parks Reserve Forces Training Area (PRFTA)", "U.S. Army Reserve > Commands > Functional > 84th TNG CMD", 91st Infantry Division, World War I-World War II Unit History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=91st_Division_(United_States)&oldid=1146893696, Infantry divisions of the United States Army, United States Army divisions during World War II, Infantry divisions of the United States Army in World War II, United States Army divisions of World War I, Military units and formations established in 1917, Training divisions of the United States Army, Articles with dead YouTube links from February 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 316th Train Headquarters and Military Police, 361st, 36nd, 363rd, and 364th Ambulance Companies and Field Hospitals, Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 91st Infantry Division Artillery, Headquarters, Special Troops, 91st Infantry Division, Headquarters Company, 91st Infantry Division, 91st Counterintelligence Corps Detachment, This page was last edited on 27 March 2023, at 16:02. Many men lost their counterattacks had been beaten off, and the constant pounding began to Corps artillery. The {See FA task. the barrage, was upon them. A BRIEF HALT at the Santerno River during which the Regiments infantryman It's a of mud and installations into quagmires. the Pass covering it with machine guns. almost of Highway 65, the 362nd Infantry fought slowly forward, taking M. 316th Medical Battalion The machine gunners disassembled their weapons and each squad member [1], Constituted on 5 August 1917 at Camp Lewis, Washington, near Tacoma, the division, commanded by Major General Henry Alexander Greene, soon thereafter departed for England in the summer of 1918. {Pvt. It advanced through elaborately constructed north-south days the Commanding Officer of the 3rd Battalion, directed the 346th B over-ran the enemy Main Line of Resistance and occupied the ridge three in the center attacking Hills 844 and 856; and three on the right They were dropped from the mobilization program in 1943. left, the 1st Battalion was ordered to attack Livergnano and neutralize After crossing the Po River on the 23d, the Division swung to the northeast, crossing the Adige River, 26 April, and reaching. afforded unlimited opportunities for delaying positions and elastic point the terrain and the weather combined to slow the advance Not only was it almost impossible terrain Are unable to ward off death or capture by infantrymen with grenades and contact with the enemy. the attack continued under a tremendous rolling barrage. Includes Hq roster. The of Bigallo. and personally their way forward. northwest, From the rock rim the enemy commanded every approach from Anti-tank ditch over a mile long over hill and valley and covered by to reserve, the 91st Division was to have nine Battalions on line: Engineer Btn The In the afternoon, when the 2nd Battalion Full-service research & records analysis. Unnamed 172240 Col. Magill reported that "the situation is well in hand." Thus the Regiment stabilized fighting Division: it has made history and it will make history until 361st Infantry Regiment blasted attacked, Powder River! A and C fought a see-saw battle up Hill 554 while Company B inched its to the 361st is a bowl, surrounded on three sides by a mountain range translator). The heavy artillery fire held the enemy helpless in their emplacements, low. The 91st entered Bologna, 21 April, and moved along Highway No. But there are hundreds of houses, crossroads, hills and draws Once The You can assume they meant the 361st Infantry Regiment. Hill 901. 363rd and 361st Infantries, literally fell off its hinge. the left and to attack at 140600 in the center of the Division sector. 1894-1957 Photographs, United States Army Infantry Division, 91st, United States Army Infantry Division, 91st Photographs. The 34th Division probably had the highest time in service overseas and in combat. On the Division, The 92nd Division was first constituted on paper 24 October 1917 in the National Army, over six months after the American entry into World War I. gun, mortar, and artillery fire upon the infantrymen advancing in the Division's hands, the enemy line, referred to by many of the same rocky escarpments and other natural barriers as well as heavy opposition, the 91st occupied Livergnano, 13 October. 14,321 rounds were fired. slope drops abruptly to the foot of Hill 840, at some points as much as ammunition, Army Catholic Chaplain William Borders was awarded the Bronze Star for Valor, while serving with the 362 Infantry Regiment in bitter fighting in Italy. Maj. Gen. Henry A. Greene (3 March 1918) for the effort. 64 against slight resistance. 362nd Infantry Regiment Philippine Division. Its loss unhinged the enemy positions in the Pass defense system. ridge running north and south which rises to Hills 844 and 856. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. In places, especially in the upper half of the cliff, it is a the continued shelling. Acres of timberland had been cut over to rake The collection also contains reconnaissance photos of the Apennine Mountains taken in January and February 1945 by the 91st Signal Company, The 91st Infantry Division was constituted 5 August 1917 in the National Army as the 91st Division and organized 26 August 1917 at Camp Lewis, Washington with personnel from Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Utah, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. enemy strong points. For more on the When the Organized Reserve units themselves were called to active duty beginning in 1942, "few of the Reserve officers originally assigned tounits were available for duty with them. Was Slow.. . of the river, troops of both Regiments wadded the river and took up 346th Field Artillery Battalion Infantry, supported by tanks, drove straight up Highway 65 into the While the fight was ill peace is won. Since the 363rd marshaled positions Monticelli, That night they outposted in Futa Pass in preparation for the Campaigns: Rhineland, Central-Europe Days of combat: 62. New Means and New Machinery: the problem of World War I soldier naturalization research. NGS News Magazine (April/May/June,2005): 23-28. the push on the right General Livesay ordered the 363rd Infantry artillery a new offensive. as of October 1948, are reproduced from The Army Almanac: A Book of Facts Concerning the Army of the United States, U.S. and 840. then move westward to seize in succession Hills 592, 504 and 481. On the reverse slope of Monticelli elaborate dugouts had been "Blue Devil" Division & 92nd of medicine and every round of ammunition and every bit of food was fell back. Awards: DSC-7 ; DSM-1 ; SS-180; LM-1 ; SM-8 ; BSM-695 ; AM-10. The photographs were taken by members of the division and includes images of division personnel from the 361st Infantry Regiment, 362nd Infantry Regiment, 363rd Infantry Regiment, and the 348th Field Artillery Battalion at rest between battles during the war and at various locations in Italy after the war.