Data for commercial hazardous waste are sourced from the Resource Conversation Recovery Act Biennial Report, the same source as used in v1.2. Impacts with smaller domestic proportions of impact like Energy Use are dominated by sectors like Gasoline, fuels, that are more dependent on imports for their inputs, as in crude oil for this sector in 201274. 2014 generator-based characterization of commercial sector disposal and diversion in california. Where a 5-digit NAICS contains only a single 6-digit child NAICS (e.g., 56291), flows are automatically assigned to that sector. The columns of the A or L matrices show the pure economic direct or total requirements for a commodity, which may be used for supply chain mapping or for economic impact analysis. The EEIO sector also determines whether the project type is for construction or operation more broadly, and each has a very different greenhouse gas emissions profile. The final demand vectors represent purchases of goods and services by final consumers, including by households, investors and governments. All flows in these published datasets, except those from the commercial waste datasets which are waste flows and not elementary flows, were mapped to the FEDEFLv1.0.7. USEEIO v2.0, The US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output Model v2.0, $$A=U{\widehat{x}}^{-1}V{\widehat{q}}^{-1}$$, $${B}_{I,y}={E}_{I,z}{\widehat{x}}_{z,y}^{-1}$$, $${x}_{i,y}={x}_{i,a}\ast {\rho }_{i,z- > y}$$, $${\rho }_{i,z- > y}=\frac{p{i}_{i,y}}{p{i}_{i,z}}$$, $${\varPhi }_{c},y=\frac{{q}_{PRO,c,y}}{{q}_{PUR,c,y}}$$, $${q}_{PUR,c,y}={q}_{c}{P}_{c,y}+{t}_{c,y}{P}_{t,y}+{w}_{c,y}{P}_{w,y}+{r}_{c,y}{P}_{r,y}$$, $${P}_{m,y}=\frac{{\sum }_{c\in m}{q}_{c,y}{P}_{c,y}}{{\sum }_{c\in m}{q}_{c,y}}$$, $${y}_{p}={y}_{c}+{y}_{e}+{y}_{m}+{y}_{\delta }$$, $$r{c}_{f},n=\frac{{m}_{f}\circ {c}_{n}^{{\prime} }}{\sum \left({m}_{f}\circ {c}_{n}^{{\prime} }\right)}$$, $$r{c}_{c},n=\frac{{l}_{c}\circ {d}_{n}^{{\prime} }}{\sum ({l}_{c}\circ {d}_{n}^{{\prime} })}$$, $${A}_{d}={U}_{d}{\widehat{x}}^{-1}\ast V{\widehat{q}}^{-1}$$, $${E}_{c}={({C}_{m}{E}_{i}^{{\prime} })}^{{\prime} }$$, $${C}_{m}={V}^{{\prime} }{\widehat{x}}^{-1}$$, $${B}_{\chi ,c}={B}_{i}\,\circ \,\chi V{\widehat{q}}^{-1}$$, $$i=w{\widehat{x}}^{-1}V{\widehat{q}}^{-1}L$$, $${H}_{i,c}={{\rm{\$}}}_{c}{N}_{i,c}{P}_{c,y}{\varPhi }_{c,y}$$, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01293-7. This data is more complete than the flows reported by hazardous waste shippers, and so is preferred for the waste disaggregation. As v1.2 represents the most recently previously peer-reviewed and published USEEIO model, but was built with a different set of data inputs and a different software procedure, comparing v2.0 results against v1.2 is a relevant means of performing model validation. As described in the Splitting Impacts section, in v2.0, impacts can be split between those originating in the US vs. the rest of the world. How are emission factors developed? The equivalent value is 1.44E-5in v1.2 (sheet B, cell D681 of)71. Report No. An exponent of 1 represents an inverse. To derive Rest of World region results, the difference between any full result calculation and the domestic calculation can be taken, as in Eq. Quarterly census of employment and wages 2012. https://www.bls.gov/cew/downloadable-data-files.htm (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020). Depending on the source, scope 3 emissions can be quantified using either primary data specific to the activity within a company's value chain or secondary data such as industry averages, proxy data, or other generic data. The production vector is defined in Eq. The attribution methodology for the remaining water categories follows Rehkamp et al.s sector attribution approach46. HRSP impacts are driven by particulate emissions, and to a lesser extent in agricultural sectors, ammonia emissions. 11:25-11:30. 30, where V' is the transposed model Make table, which is normalized by multiplying it by the diagonalized form of the inverse of model output, x. In v1.2, withdrawals were calculated for 37 crops published in the 2008 USDA Irrigation and Water Management Survey (IWMS). zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6370073 (2022). 7. The 2012 BEA IO tables include the sector Waste management and remediation services (562000), both as an industry and commodity. )2, therefore all environmental data was adjusted to be in 2013 US Dollars (USD). Young, B., Birney, C., Chiquelin, C. & Ingwersen, W. National criteria and hazardous air pollutant totals by industry 2017 v1.1. They allow for calculating the added value that each sector contributes to the final output of an economy. North American Industry Classification System. For v2.0, the USD year of the model is the same as the IO data, 2012 USD. The overall consistency in the impact intensities and rankings between v2.0 and v1.2 confirms relative consistency and robustness in the model with some changes that can be explained based on input data changes or methodological improvements. 10. Note:Emission factors are per unit of heat content using higher heating values (HHV). Edelen, A., Hottle, T., Cashman, S. & Ingwersen, W. The federal LCA commons elementary flow list: Background, approach, description and recommendations for use. With the flow coefficient matrix B and the total requirements matrix L, the matrix M which contains the direct and indirect flow coefficients can be calculated with Eq. The USEEIO v2.0.1411 dataset is the primary data record, and includes the waste disaggregation data inputs, model components, result matrices, price adjustment matrices, and demand vectors, along with supporting metadata including sector, flow and indicator descriptions. USEEIO v2.0 described herein is a commodity model with the full breadth of US economic output split into 411 commodity categories. This decrease is likely a result of fuel source changes in the electricity production over this period69. liter) emission factor for fuel source (for example, kg CO2 e/liter)) + ((quantity of refrigerant leakage (kg) emission factor for refrigerant (kg CO2 e/kg)) + process emissions) Equation24 is given below for the commodity form of the model. In v2.0, withdrawals are calculated for 64 crops identified in the 2017 USDA CoA. direct emissions, waste generation, or resource use). The large amount of waste flows shipped to and from the Hazardous waste treatment and disposal sector makes this sector dominate the allocation of the use table intersection. United States Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) Modeling Framework for USEEIOv2.0. Timberland estimates are based on MLUs ungrazed forest land rather than total timberland, which reduces land use attributed to forest. The data includes fresh and saline water withdrawn from surface and ground sources and evaporative water loss to the atmosphere. Urban land allocation now includes estimates for urban green areas based on assumptions made by Zeng and Ramaswami37. More information about this update is provided in the Procedure for Model Building section. USEEIO. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, USA, General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA, Eastern Research Group, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA, You can also search for this author in They have been updated for 201756. zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6370115 (2021). These values can be found in the WasteDisaggaregation_Use sheet of the primary data record (in the rows labeled Use column sum). The v1.2 model data used here for comparison were acquired from the USEEIO-API. 2021 Global Factors Bundle Starting at 595 Global electricity, homeworker and hotel factors in one convenient bundle. For Electricity, for example, SO2 and NOX contribute to 57% and 39% of impact, respectively. General Motors Carbon Disclosure National totals of flows (physical movements of specific resources, emissions or employment) by industries are used as the sources of environmental and employment data. However, revisions to mappings between SCC codes and sectors, and updates in data collection lead to some notable differences in sector emissions including: Increase in emissions for construction sectors. Mineral commodity summary 2014. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/prd-wret/assets/palladium/production/mineral-pubs/mcs/mcs2014.pdf (U.S. Geological Survey, 2014). Representing the most current conditions feasible given the full national economic scope of the model, and yet wanting to retain a high level of resolution to differentiate between US commodities and their life cycle performance, v2.0 is built upon datasets representing the most current years processed from input data sources. The disaggregation process is carried out by disaggregating distinct sections of the Use and Make tables. 28 for all flows at a 1% tolerance, with a <1% difference assumed to be expected due to rounding errors65 both for the full model and the domestic model, where Ld Eq. This excel file includes 10 sheets with a set of carbon emission factors for electricity and electricity/heat generation. A series of coefficient matrices are provided that are products of combining more than one of the economic, physical flow, and indicator components. Many environmental and employment data sources are available to characterize US industries at the needed level of detail for more recent years. The general approach for assigning nonpoint air emissions to sectors remains unchanged since version 1.1. The Use table rows represent the use of commodities by the industries in the IO table. 21. where lc is the column representing the commodity of interest from the L matrix, and dn is the transposed row representing the indicator of interest from the D matrix. USEEIO v2.0, The US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output Model v2.0. Emissions of pesticides from agricultural activities are excluded from this dataset as they are captured in the pesticides table. This level of aggregation prevents targeted analysis of various waste handling activities, such as material recovery (recycling). Census of agriculture 2017. Emissions from purchased goods and services and capital goods, referred to as Scope 3 emissions in the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Scope 3 Accounting and Reporting Standard, represent a significant emissions source for many organizations. For v2.0, Waste management and remediation services is disaggregated into the seven sectors shown in Table5. For waste management disaggregation, a subset of the RCRAInfo database that contains waste flows from shipping facilities to receiving/storage facilities (arranged by NAICS sector codes) was used. the Use table rows), the value of the receipts received by each disaggregated waste management sector by each Economic Census customer class was divided by total value spent by that customer class on Waste management and remediation services. LCIA formatter. ~98% of commodities have a value of 10.025. led on the disaggregation methodology and associated software development in useeior, and wrote the associated section in the manuscript. In the v2.0, methyl bromide/emission/air/troposphere/rural/ground-level/kg has one of the highest CFC-11 equivalents (0.51, sheet C, cell BMV20 of)71 of all flows, and Fresh vegetables, melons, and potatoes shows the highest at 2.4E-5 kg/$. It is a method that national statistical offices (NSOs) are beginning to adopt as a complement to other data produced in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA). Estimating industry land use with the MLU as the primary data source is an update from v1.2, where land use was calculated by summing USDA CoA, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Public Land Statistics (PLS), EIA Commercial (CBECS), and EIA Manufacturing (MECS) land use with the MLUs statistics for forest land, transportation, national defense, and grazing land38,39,40,41,42. Abstract and Figures. The factors are described below: CO 2 emission factors for electricity and heat generation for world countries (in CO 2 per kWh, 1990 to 2019). Carbon intensity of electricity production (CO2 or CO2e per unit electricity). Scope 3 emissions, also referred to as value chain emissions, often represent the majority of an organizations total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Syst. USEEIO models are under continuous revision with intermittent releases. The direct perspective LCI, denoted as Gr, is calculated with Eq. Accordingly, the allocation factor to the disaggregated Solid waste collection rows is approximately 44% (21/48) of the total Waste management and remediation services commodity consumption for all USEEIO industries mapped to the Business firms and farms customer class. International Actions - The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The authors declare no competing interests. Guinee, J. Handbook on life cycle assessment. EEIO analysis can be used to produce policy relevant data. Article The resulting coefficients from these calculations can be interpreted as a measure of the environmental intensity of a sector in the year the environmental data are reported, but given in terms of the IO year dollar value. When imports are greater than final consumption and exports for a given commodity, the demand value will be negative. Birney, C., Li, M. & Ingwersen, W. National employment totals by industry 2017 v1.1. Land occupation is allocated to industrial sectors using the USDAs Major Uses of Land in the United States 2012 report (MLU), accounting for total US land area through twelve use categories36. Ingwersen, W., Yang, Y., Gilkey, K. & Li, M. USEEIOv1.1 - Satellite Tables. Report No. A., Los, B., Stehrer, R. & Vries, G. Jde Slicing up global value chains. A revision to the mapping of NAICS to BEA sectors for NAICS 23 Construction fixed an error in v1.1 that resulted in substantially lower emissions coefficients. The Sector Crosswalk can be used to identify a NAICS code associated with a USEEIO code, and tools like the Census NAICS code search75 can be used to identify NAICS codes associated with the purchase. 11. where Pm,y for a margin type (t, w or r) is calculated in Eq. P is a commodity x year currency year adjustment matrix. For national USEEIO models, results calculated with these variables represent US region results. In some cases, an emissions estimate may be necessary to determine if the category is relevant based on size. Food and beverage stores appear in v2.0 rankings as the only retail sector, whereas Other retail appeared as the only retail sector in the v1.2 top 20. The additional data records are national flow totals by sectors that serve as data inputs in model building. The original relation between the environmental data in the form of national totals by industry, E, and the model economic data uses the model industry output, as described in Eq. Matrix algebra is used to represent the steps of creating the USEEIO model, using conventions for variable names commonly used in a mix of standard references for IO analysis16 and LCA17, and the existing USEEIO model documentation. The relative contribution, rc of a commodity, c, to an impact intensity coefficient from N for a given indicator, n, can be calculated using Eq. Econ. Results are presented in Fig. In the case of the new waste commodity and industry totals, they summed to within 1% of the Waste and Remediation commodity and industry totals in the 2012 BEA Detail Make and Use tables.