Super Napier grass contains 14 to 18% of protein which helps animals to get healthy and productive. J Plant Reg 1:120120, Williams EJ, Drexler JS (1981) A non-destructive method for determining peanut pod maturity. The establishment of seedlings will be done very rapidly from the slips rather than the ones which are grown from stem cuttings. The combined fertility treatments did not have an effect on napier grass yield (P=0.054). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-018-9916-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-018-9916-1. Economic analysis of napier grass production in riparian buffer zones and non-cropped areas will be addressed in the future. Quick stats data base. Holstein Friesian is the full name of HF cow. 2016. Harvest date was determined by the peanut maturity profile method which uses mesocarp pod color as a predictor of optimal harvest date [13]. There is no need to weed after that. Although the yield difference comparing the 100% and the 50% irrigation rate was much less at 8% (2281kgha1), significant differences resulted. Higher than normal rain events during the summer and fall of 2013 caused major lodging and resulted in a less efficient harvest. Aditya Abhishek has completed Bachelor Of Science in Agriculture from SDSUV, Uttarakhand. Total rainfall received was fairly consistent in all years for all crops with the exception of 2013. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Peanut Sci 33:8592, USDA-ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, 1011 Forrester Dr., SE, Dawson, GA, 39842, USA, USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA, USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, 2316 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA, Timothy C. Strickland,Alisa W. Coffin&Oliva Pisani, You can also search for this author in Moisture was adjusted to 15.5% for final yield determination. Corn was produced on 330 thousand acres with a yield of 171 bushels per acre and a value of $194 million. In this research, all plots were planted in the same year (CY 2010) and the planting costs distributed across harvested years. The quality is good with high calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and very low oxalate content. The alternative source is applying natural pesticide. A producers risk aversion and expectations of future payoffs from new crop alternatives will also impact adoption [10]. Hydroponic Farming Setup in India - a Full Guide. The reproduction of Napier grass is done in a vegetative way through shoots which are horizontal called stolon which locate above the soil extending from the parent to the offspring. Napier grass stunt diseased growth from cut clumps, Stunt disease infected plant and the plant hopper that transmits the disease. Number of Stems required to grow super napier crop is 10, 000 to 12,000 stems for an acre. After 30 days we have to take the weeds. In H.E. On 20 April 2010, transplants were planted in plots (1m between plants in a row). Super Napier grass even can recover the 30 to 40% amount of less dry fodder. Once the weed is taken out the soil has to be enriched with sufficient nutrients, so that the crop yield much.After the first weed (30 days) or the second (45 days) taken the weed will grow depends on the nature of the soil. Gir cow's forehead is Bulging out. As an alternative, the plantation of the grass can be done by using stem cuttings of. Plantation of many numbers of rows maintaining a space of at least 3 feet should be done in between the rows. Navel - Sahiwal cow navel is 3-4 inches in size. First harvest can be done within 75 to 80 days from the day of planting. If you don't have parental land then it cost higher than expected, but if you have already then it cost you very little in a year. BEST WAY TO ORGANIC FARMER. When plants appear 15 cm and just more from the ground level, first composting can apply to the plants. The economic competitiveness of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) compared to traditional cropping systems has not been addressed. 2013 focused on crop establishment cost and whole farm production costs of five perennial energy cane varieties produced under differing crop cycle lengths [4]. The longest leaf length. Amer. In the absence of a reliable price series for napier grass or energy cane, one method to address this is the estimate the breakeven (minimum) price for napier grass at which napier grass would equal the returns over variable and total cost of the peanut, cotton, corn production system. The average Sahiwal cow weight is 450 kg. It was introduced to America and Australia in the 1800's. Through Australia, many species were later introduced in Asia and the south Pacific region. Google Scholar, Knoll JE, Anderson WF, Malik R, Hubbard RK, Strickland TC (2013) Production of Napier grass for bioenergy under organic versus inorganic fertilization in the Southeast USA. Main varieties of hybrid Napier grass are, Pusa Giant, IGFRI 5, NB 21, NB 37, IGFRI 7 and IGFRI 10. . The disease reduces forage yield by 40 to 90%. After that, Super Napier grass will grow very fast and densely. However, net returns associated with higher irrigation and nitrogen levels were basically the same because of the added costs. Using iron plought, two to five feet deep or about 15 to 30 cm ploughing should be done deeply. EDIS document SC089, Anderson WF, Dien BS, Brandon SK, Peterson JD (2008) Assessment of bermudagrass and bunch grasses as feedstocks for conversion to ethanol. Now in the round pits, plantation of about 10 cane cuttings should be done. Buy Napier Grass Seeds From Here: Product Napier Grass Seeds. Don't cut the fully grown plants directly on the level of the surface at the time of harvesting. In India, Napier grass seeds per kg are about Rs . An alternative method to address this is to estimate the price change for peanuts, cotton, and corn that would be required for equal returns of the peanut, cotton, corn production system to napier grass. Then for the next 8 to 10 months, she produces milk, and rest of 1.5 to 2 months she rests. Feed 70 kg or 7 headloads of fresh Napier grass to a dairy cow per day. Corn was planted at 6.5 seeds m1. It can also be grown in combination with fodder trees along with the boundaries of the field or contour lines to help to prevent the soil erosion. The depth of the land ploughed is deeper when done by the bull rather than when it is done by the tractor. Head turns into smut. It has high crisp leaves. Applications of expert systems in peanut production. Salassi et al. . The non-irrigated napier grass competitive price was lower than each of the irrigated rates at $77.40 and $93.78Mg1 (Table 5). Super Napier grass grows by cuttings of at least 2 nodes( mentioned above). It produces more tillers with soft and juicy stem, free from pest and diseases and non-lodging. These costs were removed to accurately depict the actual cost. per oven-dry metric ton (ODMT) and $51-$57 perODMT, respectively than that of energy cane. Merkeron was released by the University of Georgia in 1989 with improved yield potential and disease resistance and selected for this research because of the yield potential shown across irrigated and non-irrigated production regimes [9]. Because its fragrance on the surface of the leaves hesitates cattle to eat the fodders. The middle row of each plot was harvested to obtain plot yield and samples for post-harvest quality evaluation starting in 2011. 80 to 100 Quintals from every batch; 400 to 700 quintals per year. Yearly variations in rainfall between crops were attributable to planting and harvest date differences. This study provides results from a 5-year study on the yield and variable cost of production (including land rent) per ton for napier grass produced in non-irrigated and irrigated regimes on the Coastal Plain region in South Georgia. Let's start with how to identify hf cows. Infected plants show thinner, shorter stems and produce few small size leaves. The USDA-ARS WholeFarm planning system was utilized to calculate net returns and breakeven yields and prices. Your email address will not be published. Gir cow milk and Ghee quality is very unique and high, feeding and caring are very affordable and easy to manage even in a small budget. Eyes- Sah, Investment in 1000 Super napier grass plants, Profit from 1000 super napier grass plants. Even in the abundance of water and salty water the yield is not too low. On a dry matter basis, breakeven napier grass prices at variable cost ranged from $65 to $69Mg1 depending on irrigation regime and fertility treatments and breakeven prices at total cost ranged from $84 to $91Mg1. They sow as a plant to plant distance should be 2 feet and row to row distance should be 2 feet. Best management practices and in-season scouting were used for disease, weed, and insect control. Green fodder yield of 17- 180 tonnes /ha per year in 8 cuts can be obtained. The growth of Napier grass occurs quickly. Care should be taken to ensure that at least 2 nodes are within the soil. Super Napier grass is good for goats, even for the bigger cattle. Her horns are quite curved upwards. The results provide the breakeven price points relative to recent historical prices required for consideration of napier grass compared to traditional rotations. Napier grass is one of the important perennial tropical forage crop belong to family Poaceae. Depending up on the soil, water, and method of agriculture harvest may be done depending upon the maturity and yield accordingly. Cotton varieties also varied consisting of PHY375WRF (2011 and 2012) and PHY499WFR (2013, 2014, and 2015) (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN). Your seed/cutting must have at least 2 nodes, otherwise, your yield may not be in extra amount. These breakeven prices reflect the competiveness of napier grass grown as a perennial crop compared to individual annual crops commonly grown in rotation sequences together. Peanut Sci. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. In this method, a specific kind of rooster is the primary choice for meat. The main effect of irrigation was significant for yield for all crops: napier grass, all years (30,396kgha1 100% irrigated vs. 28,114kgha1 50% irrigated vs. 22,180kgha1 non-irrigated (P<0.001)); peanuts (6395kgha1 irrigated vs. 4205kgha1 non-irrigated (P<0.001)); cotton (1537kgha1 irrigated vs. 795kgha1 non-irrigated (P<0.001)); and corn (12,847kgha1 irrigated vs. 3228kgha1 non-irrigated (P<0.001)) (Table 2). Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing. These nodes can be purchase by local farmers or your nearby branch under the government scheme. The results of this research provide the baseline for Southeast producers to evaluate napier grass production in both irrigated and non-irrigated environments relative to traditional cropping systems. Plough the land with help of tractors or whatever method you want to. However, all plots were harvested minimum yield impact. One tim, Some people get suddenly excited by hearing the thumbnail or profit margin that people claim in hydroponic farming. Pattee and H.T. Fertilizer treatments were applied in April of each year over the entire three row plot. For the cultivation of Napier grass, make sure that the soil pH is between 5 and 8. In an existing cropping system, a portion of depreciation on existing equipment could be paid out whereas equipment required for a new crop alternative would have to be purchased and fully depreciated. One thing that must notice and be careful during providing fodder, super Napier grass must be crushed properly. Though significant modifications to budgets were required due to differing production practices, costs per Mg were comparable to previous studies. In rectangular pits, plantation of 10 cuttings should be done for every length 90 centimetres. At the top end of the range, napier grasses have been shown to yield up to 80 dry tonnes per hectare per year, . HF cow milk production per day in India The cow milk production depends on the lactation frequency. It has the ability to withstand repeated cutting and will rapidly regenerate, producing palatable leafy shoots [4]. Although yield increases were associated with increasing N rates in the irrigated regimes, partial budget analysis for N rates showed no difference in net returns to N rates (P=0.4217). Super Napier grass directly impacts the physical growth of animals. Weeding can be done just before 20 days of your next crops. In the sowing process, every cutting pinch deep inside the soil and just the upper part of the cutting opens towards the sky. The middle rows were used to determine yield and obtain samples for post-harvest quality evaluations. The roots of the Napier grass which are deep are the ones which make it resistant to drought. The current study focused on the feasibility of biogas production from Napier grass. Understanding the costs and the potential economic returns to bioenergy alternatives are prerequisite components to adoption. Advances in peanut science. Its like similar to the working of in a pr, The thing that bothers beginners of the Dairy farming business is the selection of high milk-producing cattle. Variable cost were derived from previous studies aimed at providing energy cane production cost in Louisiana and Florida where variable cost ranged from 59 to 79% of total cost of production at the farm level [4, 5, 20]. You can convert Poultry farming into sustainable poultry farm too. Super Napier grass doesn't get any kind of fungal disease, never gets destroyed by grasshoppers, and most importantly, Napier grass can be sustained for at least 5 years. But sadly they don't know the truth of training, setup, investment, and profit margin in hydroponic farming. Google Scholar, Alvarez, J. and Z.R. Cost of production estimates for peanut, corn, and cotton were taken from the University of Georgia Crop Extension budgets for non-irrigated and irrigated production. A producer should not consider a crop if the price received is not sufficient to cover variable cost because out of pocket expenses are not covered (Table 1). Plantation of seedlings should be done in holes which are small or it can also be done in furrows. 1. Soc. Future research improving water use efficiency, drought tolerance, or N efficiency of napier grass would increase the economic competitiveness of napier grass. When viewed within irrigation levels, the partial net returns to N did not vary within any of the irrigation rates, but the returns were numerically higher at the 168 and 336kgha1 than the lower rate suggesting the higher rates will provide yield stability and provide marginally higher returns to N application at these rates. Make sure that you are applying at least 10 to 12 tonnes of farmyard manure in each and every hole. Napier grass is the primary source for the production of paper in many regions across the country. Co.CN4 is a recent hybrid Napier grass released by TNAU, Coimbatore, which is a cross between Cumbu Co.8 and Napier grass F.T.461. It is a myth that most green plants can't grow or survive in desert regions but it is not applied on Napier grass to a limit. By all means, yes! Read More BIHAR THUNDERSTORM | SAFETY MEASURES FOR FARMERSContinue, Read More Soybean Crop and CultivationContinue, Read More How To Control LEAF CURL VIRUS In Chilli?Continue, Read More Organic Farming : Myths and Facts Read or Miss OutContinue, Read More Farming System: Definition And Types Of Farming SystemContinue, Read More Insight On Cultivation Of Rice: From Sowing To HarvestingContinue, Your email address will not be published. It is almost between the front and back legs. Don't use chemical or laboratory fertilizers in your fields, instead use organic compost. The price required for napier grass to compete with the peanut, cotton, corn production system ranged from $99 to $121Mg1 with total costs included mainly dependent on irrigation rate. It produces about 45 tonnes per hectare in a year and the harvesting can be done at least four times a year. Don't fill irrigation water more than 2 inches when the plant becomes 20 cm long. Just beside horns, Gir cow ears rest downwards. Cane cuttings are placed at an angle of 450 inside the planting holes. The Napier grass has a very high production of biomass. Even in a small space, we can practice hydroponic farming. Interest and focus on development of renewable biofuels has been increasing over the past decade leading to the introduction of a wide cadre of renewable feedstocks. But in the present time, things are changed. Napier plant plays a major role in the production of biomass. If the cross commodity breakeven price for peanuts (for example) is below the price received for peanuts, then napier grass (the comparison crop) provides higher net returns than peanuts. Cuttings Style. For cotton, the required breakeven price occurred during 2years (40%) and 5years (50%) for the respective time periods. Cost of production for energy cane was adopted from sugarcane budgets as agronomic practices and field operations for sugarcane and energy cane were similar providing a valuable platform for production costs on energy cane production in non-traditional areas [4, 5]. Economic feasibility of biofuel crops in Florida: energycane on mineral soils. In the Coastal Plain region of Georgia, cropping systems primarily consist of peanut, cotton, and corn produced in both irrigated and non-irrigated regimes. Perusal of table 1 revealed that majority of the beneficiaries (50%) observed the yield of 22 tons per acre. As long as there is continuous chemical use, decreases life expectancy and decreases yield and protein levels. For the plantation of Napier grass, there are two methods used: In this method, you need to first dig the field up to 20 centimetres wide and 20 centimetres deep by maintaining a distance of up to 90 centimetres in between the rows and a distance of 60 centimetres between the plants. Combined the farm gate value of these crops totaled $1.5 billion in Georgia and are the dominant row crops produced in the coastal plain region of Georgia [11]. Irrigation and nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were removed from the cost estimates and replaced by actual amounts used in the study. The napier grass breakeven prices ($ Mg1) were obtained by dividing the cost per hectare (including land rent) by the dry matter yield. The disease need more attention since there is risk of spreading to other African countries. Yields are highest at the 100% irrigation level. Producers would have to consider their specific crop rotation sequences, productivity, and future price expectations. It is fast spreadin. Helsel. It is also called Uganda grass or elephant grass. As a result, numerous perennial warm-season grasses have been introduced and management practices evaluated to determine their suitability as biofuel feedstocks. The entire stem should be planted at the time of heavy rainfall and in the areas which are hilly. There are separate Irrigator Pro models for peanut, cotton, and corn. Univ. Cross commodity breakeven prices are also calculated within WholeFarm [16]. 2014. This method provides more intuitive price comparisons for these traditional crops because the markets are established and prices are consistently reported. GCB Bioenergy 8:11621177. Now in the round pits, plantation of about 10 cane cuttings should be done. If necessary, remove the second spell within 45 days. . On the first lactation, Hf cow produces 35 to 40 liters of milk per day for the next 2 months. Now mix 1 topsoil : 2 farmyard manure and place it in the pits. BIHAR THUNDERSTORM | SAFETY MEASURES FOR FARMERS. Cenchrus purpureus, synonym Pennisetum purpureum, also known as Napier grass, elephant grass or Uganda grass, is a species of perennial tropical grass native to the African grasslands. 11236 cuttings are required for planting per acre.