[7], Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of five points ermine (Richmond)[9], Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of five points two of ermine (Richmond) and three Azure flory Or (Lancaster)[9], Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure compone Argent and Azure[10], Married to: John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset; 13991410, Married to: Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence; 14111421. A large part of John's army had succumbed to sickness, however, and when the invasion was mounted, they were far outnumbered by their Portuguese allies. There is, however, evidence that he may occasionally have used this second marshalling at earlier dates. When John died in 1399, Richard II confiscated the Lancastrian estates, thereby preventing them from passing to Johns son, Henry Bolingbroke. In 1386 John left England to seek the throne of Castile, claimed in jure uxoris by right of his second wife, Constance of Castile, whom he had married in 1371. First, through his legitimate male descendants the Lancasters, and then through his debatably illegitimate descendants, by his long time mistress and then third Famous descendants Sir Hugh Luttrell's famous descendants include:[citation needed] Robert Carter I: A wealthy Virginia colonist and slave-owner, one of the richest men in Virginia at his time Through his first wife, Blanche (died 1368), John, in 1362, acquired the duchy of Lancaster and the vast Lancastrian estates in England and Wales. On 23 August, he was confronted by a much larger French army under Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. The second son (of John of Gaunt), Henry, became a bishop, Lord Chancellor, and a Cardinal; the third son, Thomas, became Duke of Exeter; and the daughter, Joan, married Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, as his second wife. The John of Gaunt School on Wingfield Road in Trowbridge, Wiltshire,[47] is built upon land that he once owned. John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford can count many of Europe's royal persons among their descendants, as well as some American presidents (except for the current one - no one can really say for certain who his ancestors are because they can't find his birth certificate). A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the throne, the phrase excepta regali dignitate ("except royal status"), was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. In the summer of 1370, John was sent with a small army to Aquitaine to reinforce his ailing elder brother, the Black Prince, and his younger brother Edmund of Langley, Duke of York, Earl of Cambridge. Genealogy chart showing how John of Gaunt (1340-1399) is the 17th Great-grandfather to Queen Elizabeth II (Queen of the United Kingdom) via their common ancestor of John of Gaunt. He planned a 'great expedition' of mounted men in a large armada of ships to land at Brest and take control of Brittany. [5] Following Gaunt's death in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the Crown, and his son Henry, now disinherited, was branded a traitor and exiled. Son of: Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond and Lady Margaret Beaufort. John married Katherine in 1396, and their four children, the Beauforts, were legitimised by King Richard II and the Church, but barred from inheriting the throne. 7 (2nd ed.). Henry VII traced his claim to the English crown through his mother, Margaret Beaufort, granddaughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, and great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt. During this retreat, the army had to fight its way across the Somme at the ford of Blanchetaque against a French army led by Hugh de Chtillon, who was captured and sold to Edward III. Partly as a result of these failures, and those of other English commanders at this period, John was one of the first important figures in England to conclude that the war with France was unwinnable because of France's greater resources of wealth and manpower. John and Warwick then decided to strike Harfleur, the base of the French fleet on the Seine. The wealth she brought to the marriage was the foundation of John's fortune. Please note: The ancestor reports on this website have been compiled from thousands of different sources, many over 100 years old. John left Portugal for Aquitaine, and he remained in that province until he returned to England in November 1389. He was faced with military difficulties abroad and political divisions at home, and disagreements as to how to deal with these crises led to tensions among Gaunt, the English Parliament, and the ruling class, making him an extremely unpopular figure for a time. Fit for a King (or Queen): the British Royalty Quiz, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-of-Gaunt-duke-of-Lancaster, Spartacus Educational - Biography of John of Gaunt, English Monarchs - Biography of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, John of Gaunt - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey. Their son Henry Bolingbroke became Henry IV of England, after the duchy of Lancaster was taken by Richard II upon John's death while Henry was in exile. He took charge of the siege operations and at one point engaged in hand-to-hand fighting in the undermining tunnels. Constance died in 1394. He was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England, and the father of King Henry IV. [28][29] "Chaucer as narrator" openly defies Fortune, proclaiming he has learned who his enemies are through her tyranny and deceit, and declares "my suffisaunce" (15) and that "over himself hath the maystrye" (14). [citation needed], From 1394 through 1395, he was forced to spend nearly a year in Gascony to shore up his position in the face of threats of secession by the Gascon nobles. The English destroyed the shipping in St. Malo harbour and began to assault the town by land on 14 August, but John was soon hampered by the size of his army, which was unable to forage because French armies under Olivier de Clisson and Bertrand du Guesclin occupied the surrounding countryside, harrying the edges of his force. Although Philippa died c. 1387, the men were bound as brothers and Lancaster's children by KatherineJohn, Henry, Thomas and Joan Beaufortwere Chaucer's nephews and niece. From 1367 to 1374 he served as a commander in the Hundred Years War (13371453) against France. The children bore the surname "Beaufort" after a former French possession of the duke. Only four months after his return to England, in March 1390, Richard II formally invested Gaunt with the Duchy of Aquitaine, thus providing him with the overseas territory he had long desired. John's daughter, Blanche, married Sir Thomas Morieux in 1381. This lesson explores the life and family tree of John of Gaunt, first Duke of Lancaster. By this time, too, some of his possessions were taken from him by the Crown. John sailed from England on 9 July 1386 with a huge Anglo-Portuguese fleet carrying an army of about 5,000 men plus an extensive "royal" household and his wife and daughters. The family tree for John of Gaunt is still in progress. And I constitute and appoint the Reverend Fathers in God Richard Bishop of Salisbury; John Bishop of Worcester; my very dear and loving cousins and companions Thomas Earl of Worcester, Steward of the Household of my Lord the King; and William Earl of Wilts, Treasurer of England; my son Ralph Earl of Westmoreland; Monsr Walter Blount; Monsr John Dabruggecourt; Monsr William Par; Monsr Hugh War'ton; Monsr Thomas Skelton; and Cokeyn, Chief Steward of my Lands; Sir Robert Qwytby, my Attorney General; Piers Melburn; William Ketyring; Robert Haylfield, Comptroller of my Household; Sir John Leyburn, my Receiver General; and Thomas Longley, Clerk, my executors. He countered their hostility by forming a curious alliance with the religious reformer John Wycliffe. The present Somerset family, Dukes of Beaufort, of Badminton House in Gloucestershire, are illegitimate direct male descendants of John of Gaunt, being illegitimate descendants of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, first cousin of Margaret Beaufort (1443-1509). Despite Johns extreme unpopularity, he maintained his position after the accession of his ten-year-old nephew, Richard II, in 1377, and from 1381 to 1386 he mediated between the Kings party and the opposition group led by Johns younger brother, Thomas Woodstock, earl of Gloucester. A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the thronethe phrase excepta regali dignitate ("except royal status")was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. This rumour, which infuriated him, may have been inspired by the fact that Edward III had not been present at his birth.[4]. John invested the town for four days in October, but he was losing so many men to dysentery and bubonic plague that he decided to abandon the siege and return to Calais. Edward (1365) died within a year of his birth and was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester. John married Katherine in 1396, and their children, the Beauforts, were legitimised by King Richard II and the Church, but barred from inheriting the throne. All English monarchs from Henry IV onward are descended from John of Gaunt. CM Dixon/Print Collector/Getty Images John, King of England (1166 - 1216), married twice. When he became unpopular later in life, scurrilous rumours and lampoons circulated that he was actually the son of a Ghent butcher, perhaps because Edward III was not present at the birth. On 13 January 1396, two years after the death of Constance of Castile, Katherine and John of Gaunt married in Lincoln Cathedral. Believed to have been written in the 1390s, Chaucer's short poem Fortune, is also inferred to directly reference Lancaster. Though John was never able to make good his claim, his daughter by Constance, Catherine of Lancaster, became Queen of Castile by marrying Henry III of Castile. The first, called to grant massive war taxation to the Crown, turned into a parliamentary revolution, with the Commons (supported to some extent by the Lords) venting their grievances at decades of crippling taxation, misgovernment, and suspected endemic corruption among the ruling classes. It is always preferable to locate primary records where possible. During the 1390s, John's reputation of devotion to the well-being of the kingdom was largely restored. John of Gaunt was a son of King Edward III of England, but as he was only the third son, he and his descendants were not expected to ascend to the throne, which they ultimately did. ), Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, Kelly's Directories Ltd, Kingston-upon-Thames, 1968, p.125, Planche, J.R., Pursuivant of Arms, 1851, p.xx, Beaufort Society's website (Google's cache of, "The Lancastrian Esses Collar (Appendix 7)" erenow.net, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Henry Somerset, 3rd Marquess of Worcester, Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, List of coats of arms of the House of Plantagenet, "The Wars of the Roses: York v Beaufort? [6] Henry returned from exile shortly after to reclaim his inheritance, and deposed Richard. Updates? Also known as: John of Gaunt, duc dAquitaine, John of Gaunt, earl of Richmond. They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey as a part of the efforts of Edward III to arrange matches for his sons with wealthy heiresses. Married to: Sir Oliver St John, of Bletsoe; 14251437. By Constance of Castile: The poem refers to John and Blanche in allegory as the narrator relates the tale of "A long castel with walles white/Be Seynt Johan, on a ryche hil" (13181319) who is mourning grievously after the death of his love, "And goode faire White she het/That was my lady name ryght" (948949). Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. King John Plantaganet was king of England from 1199 to 1216. John Tilley, Joan (Hurst) Rogers, Elizabeth Tilley, John Howland, Thomas Rogers, Joseph Rogers, Richard Warren, William Brewster and his wife, Mary, Edward Doty, James Chilton, Susanna Furner, Mary Chilton, William White, Susanna Jackson, and Resolved White.
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