Jewish Antiquities, Volume III: Books 7-8, Select Papyri, Volume II: Public Documents. Theophoroumene. Demetrius Of this again there are two divisionsjustice, in which is the crowning glory of the virtues and on the basis of which men are called good men; and, close akin to justice, charity, which may also be called kindness or generosity. Achilleid. Prudentius (born 348 CE) used allegory and classical Latin verse forms in service of Christianity. Orations, Volume VI: Orations 50-59: Private Cases. Lives of Philosophers and Sophists, Philostratus Sallusts two extant monographs take as their theme the moral and political decline of Rome, one on the conspiracy of Catiline and the other on the war with Jugurtha. Letters to Caesar. Toxaris or Friendship. The Learned Banqueters, Volume VII: Books 13.594b-14, Orations, Volume V: Orations 41-49: Private Cases, On the Orator: Book 3. This being so, some people are of the opinion that it was not right to introduce this counterbalancing of right and expediency and that no practical instruction should have been given on this question at all. Ecclesiastical History, Volume I: Books 1-5. Epigrams. Reply to Colotes in Defence of the Other Philosophers. Works by authors such as Philitas of Cos, Alexander of Aetolia, Hermesianax of Colophon, Euphorion of Chalcis and, especially, Parthenius of Nicaea, who composed the mythograpical Sufferings in Love, represent rich inventiveness in Hellenistic prose and poetry from the fourth to the first century BCE. Little of his Roman History survives, but missing portions are partly supplied from elsewhere and there are many excerpts. Pausanias (fl. Though attributed to Hesiod (eighth or seventh century BC) in antiquity, the Catalogue of Women, a presentation of legendary Greek heroes and episodes according to maternal genealogy; The Shield, a counterpoint to the Iliadic shield of Achilles; and certain poems that survive as fragments were likely not composed by Hesiod himself. Of the twenty books (from the earliest times to 264 BCE) we have the first nine complete; most of 10 and 11; extracts; and an epitome of the whole. In this example he effectively teaches us all to bestow even upon a stranger what it costs us nothing to give. Anonymous poems include drinking songs, childrens ditties, and cult hymns. In Heroides, Ovid (43 BCE17 CE) allows legendary women to narrate their memories and express their emotions in verse letters to absent husbands and lovers. Collard, Christopher Lives of Illustrious Men: Grammarians and Rhetoricians. In 1314 CE, Emperor Augustus wrote an account of his public life, Res Gestae Divi Augusti, the best preserved copy of which was engraved on the walls of his temple at Ancyra (Ankara). 380 BCE), when theatrical comedy was created and established, is best known through the extant plays of Aristophanes. Green, William M. Natural History, Volume VIII: Books 28-32, Library of History, Volume VIII: Books 16.66-17, Library of History, Volume XII: Fragments of Books 33-40, Moralia, IX: Table-talk, Books 7-9. E.M. Edghill's English translation (editor: Ross, Oxford They survive only as quoted by other writers and include the spurious Book of Sthis. Humours. Fragments of ancient literature, from the seventh to the third century BCE, found on papyri in Egypt include examples of tragedy; satyr drama; Old, Middle, and New Comedy; mime; lyric, elegiac, iambic, and hexametric poetry. [31] But occasions often arise, when those duties which seem most becoming to the just man and to the good man, as we call him, undergo a change and take on a contrary aspect. But in bestowing a kindness, as well as in making a requital, the first rule of duty requires usother things being equalto lend assistance preferably to people in proportion to their individual need. Prometheus Bound. The Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer (eighth century BCE) are the two oldest European epic poems. 410 CE) gives us important knowledge of Honoriuss time and displays poetic as well as rhetorical skill, command of language, and diversity. Demades. Consolation. Although these four are connected and interwoven, still it is in each one considered singly that certain definite kinds of moral duties have their origin: in that category, for instance, which was designated first in our division and in which we place wisdom and prudence, belong the search after truth and its discovery; and this is the peculiar province of that virtue. Pro Cluentio. Polycarp. Statiuss Silvae, thirty-two occasional poems, were written probably between 89 and 96 CE. Andocides. Charitons Callirhoe, subtitled Love Story in Syracuse, is a fast-paced historical romance of the first century CE and the oldest extant novel. Macrobiuss Saturnalia, an encyclopedic celebration of Roman culture written in the early fifth century CE, has been prized since the Renaissance as a treasure trove of otherwise unattested lore. Dionysius of Halicarnassus Letter of Condolence to Apollonius. Co, Library of History, Volume III: Books 4.59-8, On the Special Laws, Book 4. Progression of Animals, In Catilinam 14. De Vita Beata. Constitution of the Lacedaemonians. Solon Art of Horsemanship. On Fate. But, for the most part, people are led to wrong-doing in order to secure some personal end; in this vice, avarice is generally the controlling motive. He also gives witty character sketches of persons born under particular constellations. Epidemics 1 and 3. Virtues and Vices. Pliny the Elder (2379 CE) produced in his Natural History a vast compendium of Roman knowledge. Although Sallust is decidedly unsubtle and partisan in analyzing people and events, his works are important and significantly influenced later historians, notably Tacitus. WebIn his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.) [101] Now we find that the essential activity of the spirit is twofold: one force is appetite (that is, horm, in Greek), which impels a man this way and that; the other is reason, which teaches and explains what should be done and what should be left undone. African War and Spanish War are detailed accounts clearly by officers who had shared in the campaigns. The Comedy of Asses. His On Odours and Weather Signs are minor treatises. Shackleton Bailey, D. R. Valerius Maximus compiled his handbook of notable deeds and sayings in the reign of Tiberius (1437 CE). [69] Owing to the low ebb of public sentiment, such a method of procedure, I find, is neither by custom accounted morally wrong nor forbidden either by statute or by civil law; nevertheless it is forbidden by the moral law [law of nature (naturae lege)]. Autobiography and Selected Letters, Volume I: Autobiography. Kolax. Livy (Titus Livius, 64 or 59 BCAD 12 or 17), the great Roman historian, presents a vivid narrative of Romes rise from the traditional foundation of the city in 753 or 751 BC to 9 BC and illustrates the collective and individual virtues necessary to maintain such greatness. WebAristotle, Nicomachean Ethics J. Bywater, Ed. Misoumenos. Basil the Great was born into a family noted for piety. WebPolitical theory of Aristotle. For we are all attracted and drawn to a zeal for learning and knowing; and we think it glorious to excel therein, while we count it base and immoral to fall into error, to wander from the truth, to be ignorant, to be led astray. Topics include town planning, building materials, temples, the architectural orders, houses, pavements, mosaics, water supply, measurements, and machines. Turning from the Ethics treatises to their sequel, the Politics, the reader is brought down to earth. His writings were edited by his disciple Porphyry, who published them sometime between 301 and 305 CE in six sets of nine treatises each (Enneads), with a biography of his master in which he also explains his editorial principles. Divinity of Christ. Meleager of Gadara (first century BCE), an outstanding contributor, also assembled the Stephanus (Garland), a compilation fundamental to the Anthology. Fragmentary Republican Latin, Volume VI: Livius Andronicus. Sappho, the most famous woman poet of antiquity, whose main theme was love, and Alcaeus, poet of wine, war, and politics, were two illustrious singers of sixth-century BCE Lesbos. Dialogues of the Sea-Gods. Tibullus. It greatly influenced Roman authors such as Catullus, Virgil, and Ovid, and was imitated by Valerius Flaccus. Columella (first century CE) included Cato and Varro among many sources for On Agriculture, but his personal experience was paramount. Englishman's Concordance. Origin of Sin. In The Orators Education (Institutio Oratoria), a comprehensive training program in twelve books, he draws on his own rich experience. Greek literary education and Roman political reality are evident in the poetry of Statius (c. 5096 CE). He insists that the John G. Fitch has thoroughly revised his two-volume edition to take account of scholarship that has appeared since its initial publication. But the very essence of propriety is found in the division of virtue which is now under discussion (Temperance). There are, on the other hand, two kinds of injusticethe one, on the part of those who inflict wrong, the other on the part of those who, when they can, do not shield from wrong those upon whom it is being inflicted. Epigrams, Volume I: Spectacles, Books 1-5. De Witt, N. W. What survives of Histories covers the dramatic years 6970. On Joints. 1894. Peace is a rollicking attack on war-makers. The Major Declamations, attributed to Quintilian in antiquity, exemplify the final stage of Greco-Roman rhetorical training, in which students delivered speeches for the prosecution and defense at imaginary trials. Pro Rabirio Perduellionis Reo, Poetics. Whether Land or Sea Animals Are Cleverer. 354 BCE) include Hiero, a dialogue on government; Agesilaus, in praise of that king; Constitution of Lacedaemon, on the Spartan system; Ways and Means, on the finances of Athens; and a manual of Horsemanship. Einarson, Benedict Charidemus. Caecilius. History of Rome, Volume XIII: Books 43-45, Against Symmachus 2. [36] As for war, humane laws touching it are drawn up in the fetial code of the Roman People under all the guarantees of religion; and from this it may be gathered that no war is just, unless it is entered upon after an official demand for satisfaction has been submitted or warning has been given and a formal declaration made. Quintilian Geography is a vital source for ancient geography and informative about ancient geographers. Preddy, William. But to us Nature has assigned the roles of steadfastness, temperance, self-control, and considerateness of others; Nature also teaches us not to be careless in our behaviour towards our fellow-men. [158] And it is not true, as certain people maintain, that the bonds of union in human society were instituted in order to provide for the needs of daily life; for, they say, without the aid of others we could not secure for ourselves or supply to others the things that Nature requires; but if all that is essential to our wants and comfort were supplied by some magic wand, as in the stories, then every man of first-rate ability could drop all other responsibility and devote himself exclusively to learning and study. Diodoruss Library of History, written in the first century BCE, is the most extensively preserved history by an ancient Greek author. In Tetrabiblos, a core text in the history of astrology, the preeminent ancient astronomer Ptolemy (c. 100178 CE) treats the practical use of astronomical knowledge: making predictions about individuals lives and the outcome of human affairs. Concerning Noahs Work as a Planter. Greek Elegiac Poetry: From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC, Gerber, Douglas E. Acknowledged masterpieces among his works are the Symposium, which explores love in its many aspects, from physical desire to pursuit of the beautiful and the good, and the Republic, which concerns righteousness and also treats education, gender, society, and slavery. Remedies for Love. Regimen 13. Philostratus the Elder or the Athenian (second to mid-third c.) and Eunapius (ca. Pro Sulla. Sophocles (497/6406 BCE), considered one of the worlds greatest poets, forged tragedy from the heroic excess of myth and legend. Maximus of Tyres forty-one Philosophical Orations offer a Platonic elucidation of the philosophical life of virtue, and a rich collection of the famous philosophical, literary, and historical figures, events, ideas, successes, and failures that constituted Greek paideia in the so-called Second Sophistic era. Book 1 is on Greek schools of medicine and dietetics; Book 2 on prognosis, diagnosis, and general therapeutics; Book 3 on internal ailments; Book 4 on local bodily diseases. Against the Sophists. The portion that survives covers twenty-five years in the historians own lifetime: the reigns of Constantius, Julian, Jovian, Valentinian I, and Valens. Confessions is a spiritual autobiography of Augustines early life, family, associations, and explorations of alternative religious and theological viewpoints as he moved toward his conversion. [58] Now, if a contrast and comparison were to be made to find out where most of our moral obligation is due, country would come first, and parents; for their services have laid us under the heaviest obligation; next come children and the whole family, who look to us alone for support and can have no other protection; finally, our kinsmen, with whom we live on good terms and with whom, for the most part, our lot is one. , Although these four are connected and interwoven, still it is in each one considered singly that certain definite kinds of moral duties have their origin: in that category, for instance, which was designated first in our division and in which we place wisdom and prudence, belong the search after truth and its discovery; and this is the peculiar province of that virtue. In my opinion, at least, we should always strive to secure a peace that shall not admit of guile. Epidicus. Deed of disownment. Selected Orations, Volume II: Orations 2, 19-23, 30, 33, 45, 47-50, Metamorphoses (The Golden Ass), Volume II: Books 711, History of the Empire, Volume I: Books 1-4. 285 BCE). Stoic Paradoxes. His masterpiece, the epic Thebaid, recounts the struggle for kingship between the two sons of Oedipus. What survives of his works make him prominent in the revival of Greek literature in the late first and early second century CE. Why, wild creatures often fall into snares undriven and unpursued. Nothing, moreover, is more conducive to love and intimacy than compatibility of character in good men; for when two people have the same ideals and the same tastes, it is a natural consequence that each loves the other as himself; and the result is, as Pythagoras requires of ideal friendship, that several are united in one. Nutriment. Florus (second century CE) wrote, in brief pointed rhetorical style, a two-book summary of Roman history (especially military) in order to show the greatness and decline of Roman morals. Icaromenippus or The Sky-man. 150 CE), one of the Roman worlds great travelers, sketches in Description of Greece the history, geography, landmarks, legends, and religious cults of all the important Greek cities. Enlivening the detailed case studies are many theoretical and polemical discussions, acute social commentary, and personal reflections. Receipts (10). The editors provide substantive introductions as well as essential critical and explanatory notes and selective bibliographies. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). He thus presents a Stoic philosophers thoughts about the good life in a contemporary context. Excerpta Valesiana, Livy This list is They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments. [34] Then, too, in the case of a state in its external relations, the rights of war must be strictly observed. changes, storing new additions in a versioning system. Halliwell, Stephen Books 1 and 2 are concerned with generation, sprouting, flowering and fruiting, and the effects of climate. [98] The poets will observe, therefore, amid a great variety of characters, what is suitable and proper for alleven for the bad. On Coming-to-be and Passing Away. The comedies of Plautus, who brilliantly adapted Greek plays for Roman audiences c. 205184 BCE, are the earliest Latin works to survive complete and cornerstones of the European theatrical tradition from Shakespeare and Molire to modern times. Nero, Jewish Antiquities, Volume VIII: Books 18-19, Minor Latin Poets, Volume II: Florus. Every treatise on duty has two parts: one, dealing with the doctrine of the supreme good; the other with the practical rules by which daily life in all its bearings may be regulated. Your current position in the text is marked in blue. New here is his exploration in 107 of the difference between the universal nature and particular nature with which each person is endowed.]. Forster, E. S. Minor Attic Orators, Volume II: Lycurgus. Volume IV of the nine-volume Loeb edition of Early Greek Philosophy presents Pythagoras and the Pythagorean School, including Hippasus, Philolaus, Eurytus, Archytas, Hicetas, and Ecphantus, along with chapters on doctrines not attributed by name and reception. Nicomachean Ethics has been divided into the following sections: Book I [65k] Book II [50k] Book III [74k] Book IV [69k] Euripides The only extant work by Livy (64 or 59 BCE 12 or 17 CE) is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE.
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