The Russian Empire was a state that ruled over a large territory that included parts of Europe and Asia from the late 18th to the early 20th century. They saw each other as heretical and fought each other for land. Slavery was a major driver of maritime trade relations. He was approached by Lord Macartney about liberalizing the trade restrictions; turned down the offer claiming that Europe had nothing to offer China. They also expanded trade which enriched the rulers. But some reasons include: Long-term conflict with other land-based powers, which focus attention on land-based concerns. Some African rulers were complicit in the slave trade. The Asante benefited from participation in the trading networks as they got slaves, gold, ivory, and kola nuts. The Safavid Empire was an eastern Islamic state that existed from the early 16th to the mid-18th centuries. Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 22 They blended Christian and Islamic faiths into their empire. It was one of the largest and most long-lasting empires in world history. (direct object), p.n.p.n.p.n. The Russian nobility, known as. This guide was updated to align with the new course! By 1450, Europeans were set on finding a faster route to Asia. Tokugawa, 1868. Stopped crusades and expanded Islam. The Dynasty produced thriving trade and sea trade. Safavids were Shia Islam, and the Mughals were Sunni, West Africa, Morocco invaded Songhai and eventually brought it down, Examples: Muslim & Hindus in the Mughal Empires, Muslims & Christians in the Ottoman Empire. All of the ethnic combinations created new social classes organized by race with Europeans the top. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. However, in the 17th century, the, In fear of minority rule, Hindu warriors called the Marathas rebelled. a. However, there was a business opportunity in the search for resources. The Aztecs demanded specific goods from conquered people, called Tribute. The most dramatic social changes happened in the Americas because of the influx of Europeans, decimation of Indigenous, and explosion of the African slave trade. Europeans had trading posts in Africa because they then had access to slaves, ivory, gold, and grain. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. The Protestant Reformation was the creation of a new branch of Christainity Protestantism that included people that broke from the Roman Catholic Church. From 1368 to 1644, China was ruled by the Ming dynasty. The Incan Empire was known for its advanced system of government, which included a well-organized bureaucracy and a strong centralized administration. These were empires, and, while each empire was run slightly differently with different systems of administration or taxation or military technology, they were absolute monarchies. How did leaders legitimize their rule through art 1450-1700? It also led the European powers to look for a different route to reach Asia, beginning the Age of Exploration. . The Safavid Empire was a Persian Empire that ruled over parts of present-day Iran, Iraq, and the Caucasus region from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. The Mughal Empire is also known for its religious tolerance, as the emperors welcomed people of different faiths and sought to create a peaceful and harmonious society. The Mughal emperors were known for their cultural accomplishments and support for the arts, and their rule had a profound and long-lasting impact on the development of the arts. This helped to further consolidate the shogunate's power and maintain stability throughout the country. African Americans During this time, Europeans stuck to themselves in trading posts and did not assert authority over land, but did overseas known as, Difference Between Land-Based and Maritime Empires, Divine Right of Kings (French Empire), Mandate of Heaven (China), Songhai Islam (Songhai), Devshirme System (Ottoman Empire), Samurai Warriors (Japan), Qing Dynasty (Restrictive Policy on Han Chinese), Spanish Empire (The Casta System), The Ottoman Empire (The Millet System), The Mughal Empire (Zamindar/Rajput System), The Portugese in Africa/India, The Dutch in Southeast Asia, The French in North America, The British in North America, The Spanish in North and South America. During the Russian Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. He also forced all nobility to live there with him so they could not challenge his power while being watched. It was also a multicultural state, with Han Chinese, Manchus, Mongols, and other ethnic groups living there. In the twentieth century, the British Empire began to decline. Escaped serfs began to organize as free peasants, especially in the steppes. They supported exploration by agricultural, manufactured, and animal products as well as supported slave trade. Give examples of how state expansion and centralization led to resistance from groups on a local level. Finally, Europeans built massive military strength because of trade profits and access to new weapons. But there are a few key features of these empires. From 1603 to 1868, Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate. They had numerous canals, causeways, and bridges and central walled area with palaces and temples. What were the impacts the trans-Atlantic slave trade on West Africa? The Cossacks under Yemelyan Pugachev rebelled against, South Asia, which includes modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, has a majority population of Hindus and a strong minority of Muslims. The French aligned with the Iroquois for protection and trading rights. \hline \text { Column 4 } & {10} & {365} \\ How did Maritime (sea-based) Empires exert and expand their power? The Ottoman, Mughal and Russian empires conquered other lands from 1450-1750 and either proliferated a certain religion or they instituted a religious tolerance policy within their empires. Queen Nzinga turned to the Dutch to help fend off the Portuguese. in synagogues near the walls of Rome, This group of people originally settled Oregon and helped to establish many of the trails west. Settled nomads who were not interested in overseas expansion ruled a few of these states. The answers consists of vocabulary words. How did land-based empires generate revenue to expand and maintain power? Describe the Mughal Empire (use SPICE-T characteristics): The Mughal Empire was located in South Asia. Over time, the Portuguese became more exploitative to expand their powers. It was founded in the late 13th century by Turkish tribes who converted to Islam in northwestern Anatolia. The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); also known as 'The Lawgiver.' The Aztec Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its sophisticated system of government and administration. How did the Aztecs use Tribute as a means for consolidating power? If a ruler were to have religious tolerance then he can have other rules and restrictions for citizens to follow since they don't need to believe a certain one. The Inca Empire, also known as the Inka Empire or the Tawantinsuyu, was a South American empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, and Colombia from the 13th to the 16th century. Monumental architecture (giant structures) meant to impress. Positive - new technologies and food 1. Describe European maritime empires: French. Give specific examples of states and what they did to support exploration. Native American tribes in New England were some of the first indigenous communities to be displaced by British colonists. In present-day New Mexico, the entire Pueblo community rebelled against the Spanish for 10 days in 1680. #traderace. What direction were the people and women moving? Key Takeaways AP World History Period 2 (1450-1750) The Americas became part of the global trade network, spurred by the Columbian Exchange. I believe I ________close the windows in case of rain. Negative - disease spread, environmental issues, slave rebellion, silver taken. The demand for chattel slavery increased as demand for labor increased. Although mixed children existed, primarily because of forced assaults, the societal norm was segregation and policies supported this tradition. The Americas are mostly defined by ethnic division during the period of 1450-1750. Negative - disease, environmental issues, more money being spent to fix the issues. Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Land-based empires were able to develop as production of gunpowder and cannons increased. A tribute of young boys that the Ottomans levied on Christian communities. They established the Aztec Empire, a vast empire that ruled over much of central and southern Mexico. Economic systems were disrupted as trade intensified. What could be done about them? (The Ming Dynasty was the last native dynasty in China). They were open to Mongol, Tibet and Muslim Religions and did not force their Chinese culture. It was enormous and beautiful. What did the Protestant Reformation continue? The Atlantic Slave Trade began immediately after the Portuguese arrived in Africa, but seriously expanded after Native American populations were decimated. This made the journey more expensive and more dangerous. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. The modern nation of Turkey was established on the territory of the former Ottoman Empire and is the successor state to the Ottoman Empire. The conquest of the Middle East, North Africa and SE Europe. The Ottomans were religiously tolerant of Jews and Christians, which allowed these groups to thrive and contribute economically. Music was a key factor for survival in many slave communities. In this empire art and literature flourished. In the Americas, the Spanish established the e, Meanwhile, the silver trade was insanely profitable for the Spanish and the mines at. Explain how land-based empires utilized monumental architecture to maintain power: Land-based empires utilized monumental architecture to maintain power because the large creations were used to show off wealth that the empires and rulers had. Unit 3 study guides written by former AP World students to review Land-Based Empires, 1450-1750 with detailed explanations and practice questions. It was also renowned for its architectural and artistic accomplishments, as well as its military prowess. Jamaica had a growing slave population throughout this time period. It did, however, lead to further spread of Christianity. They gave lower class white workers. It was founded by Ismail I, who established the Safavid Dynasty and declared Twelver Shia Islam the official religion of the empire. Describe European maritime empires: Portuguese. decide a president, Where did early Christians meet, hide, and bury their dead to avoid detection and persecution? So, pump your brakes on the European Empires. Tax (ex: Mughal zamindar tax collection, Ottoman tax farming), used movable type to print, increased literacy and helped spread the Reformation, First absolute tsar of Russia who crushed the boyars, giving him a bad reputation, emperor of Qing dynasty, greatly expanded China's borders. This kept more money in the bank at any given time. Europeans built empires that stretched across oceans included territories in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Describe the Safavid Empire (use SPICE-T characteristics): The Safavid Empire was located in modern-day Iran. 1450-1815 in AP European History For SAQ 4, the topic will relate to content between: 1750-2001 in AP World History 1865-2001 in AP US History 1815-2001 in AP European History Each SAQ is made up of 3 parts: A, B, and C. These parts typically progress from simple/straightforward to complex/abstract as you move through them. How did the Qing Dynasty expand their empire? What were the impacts of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on the Americas? This gave wealth. The Safavids were Twelver Shia Muslims who made Shia Islam the official religion of the empire. These should not be confused with democracies or representative governments. Describe the casta system that was a result of the Atlantic trading system. The Mughals, under Akbar and several of his successors, were religiously tolerant of the Hindu majority which allowed themselves to be seen as legitimate rulers. Prior to 1450, world history primarily centralizes on the expansion of . How did the Songhai Empire (c. 1464 - 1591), in West Africa centralize their bureaucracies? The Russian Empire is particularly known for its contributions to the fields of science and technology, as many notable scientists and inventors, including Mikhail Lomonosov and Dmitry Mendeleev, worked and studied in Russia during this time. Land-Based Empires 1450-1750 CE Term 1 / 15 Europe Causes/Ways of Expansion Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 15 Monarchies gain pawer due to the end of the medieval period along with more literacy among the population, increasing development economically and centralization Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by At its greatest extent, the empire extended to three continents -- stretching from the Balkans in southeastern Europe across Anatolia, Central Asia, Arabia, and North Africa, thanks in large part to the Ottoman military and its use of gunpowder. Answer:The fact that the Ottoman Empire became more prominent from 1450 to 1750 had a great impact on global trade networks and in the way trade was conducted in the area. It was a major player in world affairs and one of the great powers of the nineteenth century. What methods of "legitimization" and "consolidation" of power were used by Malian and Ottoman rulers? In each of the given sentences, underline the relative pronoun and circle the word to which it refers. What is a caravel and why was it significant in the 1450 to 1750 time period? under the altars of churches throughout the city of Rome Are there any areas in or around your school or neighborhood that are safety concerns? They brutalized the native population and believed in profit over faith. Sikhism was a persecuted religion under the Mughals and beyond. The Portuguese Empire was distinguished by a strong centralized government and a global trade and colonization network. It was founded by Babur, a Chaghatai Turkic prince who traced his ancestry back to Timur, the Turco-Mongol conqueror, on his father's side, and to Genghis Khan on his mother's side. the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam. Spanish. Unit 4: Sea-Based Empires Compariso n 1450-1750 Use Pages 199-205 . Maritime trade would prove to be far more economically efficient. The Dutch Empire was characterized by a strong centralized government and a global network of trade and colonization. Finally, a new elite class emerged called the. Europeans would have to wait a few centuries for access to China. The Qajar dynasty, which followed the Safavids, eventually regained control of the empire and ruled over Iran until the early 20th century. How did the Mexica Aztec organize their empire and generate revenue? The French Empire, also known as the Napoleonic Empire, was a French state that ruled over a large territory that included parts of Europe, Africa, and the Americas from the early 19th to the mid-19th century. People will always find a way to challenge state power, especially when survival is at stake. They were able to maintain their power as well as gain power by conquering lands. Organized people into 10, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 led by local officials. The Inca Empire is particularly known for its system of quipus, which were knotted cords that were used for record-keeping and communication. In the Americas, Indigenous groups rebelled against European conquest. The shogunate also established a system of feudalism, in which the daimyo, or regional lords, were required to spend every other year in the capital, Edo (present-day Tokyo). The Han Chinese established the Ming dynasty after overthrowing the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty and establishing a new government in China. It came to an end in the mid-19th century, as the British East India Company gained more and more control over India and eventually took control of the Mughal Empire. The Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, and Dutch had to find another route in order to remain competitive, so they invested in exploration. Consolidated power through their military, alliances, and having control over trade routes.
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