[34][35][36], In 1873 the state passed a civil rights law. Clinton, who had been born in Illinois, had never lived in New York, and was accused of moving to New York just so she could run for Senate. They were challenged by Conservatives, who opposed Reconstruction and the Republicans. A carpetbagger is an individual that moved from the north to the south during the period of Reconstruction (1865-1877). Second New Deal Purpose & Programs | What was the Second New Deal? We strive for accuracy and fairness. [38], George Thompson Ruby, an African American from New York City who grew up in Portland, Maine, worked as a teacher in New Orleans from 1864 until 1866 when he migrated to Texas. ", "Pennsylvania Voters Rejected the Carpetbagger Dr. Oz", Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 18631877, Wintory, Blake. Active in the Republican Party and elected as a delegate to the state constitutional convention in 18681869, Ruby was later elected as a Texas state senator and had wide influence. [17], Union General Adelbert Ames, a native of Maine, was appointed military governor and later was elected as Republican governor of Mississippi during the Reconstruction era. rally [37], In March 1879 Furbush left Arkansas for Colorado. [37], Carpetbaggers were least numerous in Texas. What is Sharecropping? Decades later, First Lady Hillary Clinton faced the same charge in the same place when she ran for a Senate seat in New York. They portrayed "liberty" in 1896 as the right to rise above the rising tide of equality. Who were the Carpetbaggers? For opponents of Reconstruction, scalawags were even lower on the scale of humanity than carpetbaggers, as they were viewed as traitors to the South. Carpetbaggers were able to buy property and businesses cheaply because southerners needed the money to pay Civil War debts; the Confederate States of America (CSA) had borrowed a great deal of money from citizens but could not pay any of it back. The majority of the scalawags were non-slaveholding small farmers as well as merchants, artisans and other professionals who had remained loyal to the Union during the Civil War. Lindsay has taught high school and middle school history for the last 17 years. Furbush and three other black leaders, including the bill's primary sponsor, state senator Richard A. Dawson, sued a Little Rock barkeeper for refusing to serve their group. Harris, William C. "James Lynch: Black Leader in Southern Reconstruction", Klein, Maury. The federal government had banned former Confederate leaders and military from voting, which limited the political power of southern states. [citation needed], Most of the 430 Republican newspapers in the South were edited by scalawags20 percent were edited by carpetbaggers. a [citation needed]. Escott concludes that some Democrats were involved, but Republicans "bore the main responsibility for the issue of $28 million in state bonds for railroads and the accompanying corruption. | Teapot Dome Scandal Significance. Examples of modern Carpetbaggers would be Robert Kennedy and Hillary Clinton, who both ran and won elections to the U.S. Senate for the State of New York. What was the term given to Northerners who tried to help educate freedman in the South? McNamara, Robert. ", Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877, http://docsouth.unc.edu/church/tourgee/summary.html, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Looting the Mutuals: The Ethics and Economics of Demutualisation. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. The steak is sutured with toothpicks or thread, and is sometimes wrapped in bacon. April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee of the Confederacy surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant of the Union; the U.S. Civil War was over. They later became an object of much scorn, as many southerners saw them as low-class and opportunistic newcomers seeking to get rich on their misfortune. c c Jacksonian America: Bank of the United States and the Panic of 1837. The term carpetbagger, used exclusively as a pejorative term, originated from the carpet bags (a form of cheap luggage made from carpet fabric) which many of these newcomers carried. "Creating 'the Propaganda of History': Southern Editors and the Origins of Carpetbagger and Scalawag". Find and create gamified quizzes, lessons, presentations, and flashcards for students, employees, and everyone else. Being called a carpetbagger didn't seem to hurt, however, and he won election to the U.S. Senate in 1964. At first, Carpetbaggers were welcomed by southerners because they knew that, in order to revive their state's economy, northern money needed to come into the state. Create your account. The Republican Party had been hated in the South before the Civil War, and Lincoln's election in 1860 was the trigger that started the march of pro-slavery states seceding from the Union. Southern states had no public school systems, and upper-class white Southerners either sent their children to private schools (including in England) or hired private tutors. Carpetbaggers were able to vote and hold political office, unlike many southerners. He was the last Republican to represent that state in the U.S. House of Representatives, having served from 1883 to 1885. To be called a carpetbagger today is to indicate that an individual is not native to a region for which they are running for political office. Industrial Workers of the World History & Goals | What is the IWW? A. Vietnam is still divided into a communist north Vietnam and a democratic south Vietnam. How a Derogatory Term From the 1860s Remains a Political Insult. Many Carpetbaggers were able to buy land in the south because former plantation owners no longer had a workforce to tend the lands. [citation needed]. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. C. Vietnam is split into several small states of different political structures ThoughtCo, Nov. 1, 2020, thoughtco.com/carpetbagger-definition-4774772. [10][11], During the time most blacks were enslaved, many were prohibited from being educated and attaining literacy. Critics referred derisively to these southerners as scalawags.. However, southerners quickly viewed Carpetbaggers as taking advantage of the struggling south. Wintory, Blake. As its most basic level, the name derived from luggage common at the time, which resembled bags made of carpeting. [30], The "BrooksBaxter War" was a factional dispute, 187274 that culminated in an armed confrontation in 1874 between factions of the Arkansas Republican Party over the disputed 1872 election for governor. [30], George Luke Smith, a New Hampshire native, served briefly in the U.S. House from Louisiana's 4th congressional district but was unseated in 1874 by the Democrat William M. Levy. . Some corrupt characters did descend on the South, seeking to enrich themselves at the expense of the defeated Confederates. Today, the term Carpetbagger is used to describe a political candidate that is new to a region for which they are running for political office. Ulysses S. Grant Presidency | Elections, Accomplishments & Scandals, Phases of the French Revolution: Overview & Events, Sherman's March to the Sea | History, Significance & Date. Between January and September 1944, Operation Carpetbagger operated 1,860 sorties between RAF Harrington, England, and various points in occupied Europe. That Reconstruction state governments got into financial trouble was more likely due to their overspendingresulting from efforts to revive the economies under bankrupt postwar governments and to fund educational and other public institutionsthan to an abnormal level of attempts at personal enrichment through corruption. Tariff of 1816 History & Significance | What was the Tariff of 1816? Background Paper for an Address on "Succession and Continuance of Mutuals", "New king's decree favours 'democratic' way", "Radical Routes plans to free housing co-ops from the mortgage trap", "Carpet-baggers 'exploiting' Indigenous artists", "White ignorance about indigenous issues fails everyone", "Four Corners ABC Interview - John Ioannou", "Keep out flood carpetbaggers, says reconstruction inspectorate John Fahey", "West Virginia Newcomer Battles Carpetbagger Label", "Perspective | In the Pa. Senate race, will it matter that Dr. Oz is a carpetbagger? Many carpetbaggers were said to have moved South for their own financial and political gains. The OSS called this effort Operation Carpetbagger. "A Carpetbagger's Conversion to White Supremacy.". He migrated to Helena, Arkansas in 1862. The dispute weakened both factions and the entire Republican Party, enabling the sweeping Democratic victory in the 1874 state elections.[33]. "[24] The historians Eric Foner and W. E. B. The classic carpetbagger was, in the eyes of defeated southerners, a conniving northerner appearing in the South to take advantage of circumstances. Take on political roles in reconstructing governments, Carpetbaggers were from the North; Scalawags were from the South, Carpetbaggers were politically, socially, and economically motivated; Scalawags were politically motivated. Many were drawn by the promise of quick fortunes it was said could be made raising cotton. not d Which best explains why there were no African Americans serving in the US House of Representatives by 1887? [19][20][21] Mississippi Representative Wiley P. Harris, a Democrat, stated in 1875: If any two hundred Southern men backed by a Federal administration should go to Indianapolis, turn out the Indiana people, take possession of all the seats of power, honor, and profit, denounce the people at large as assassins and barbarians, introduce corruption in all the branches of the public administration, make government a curse instead of a blessing, league with the most ignorant class of society to make war on the enlightened, intelligent, and virtuous, what kind of social relations would such a state of things beget. He also noted that most carpetbaggers were "former soldiers from middle-class backgrounds who went South seeking a livelihood, not political office. Pan-Americanism Movement History & Attempts | What is Pan-Americanism? C. separation of powers By 1890, they controlled 88% of the mileage; 47% of the directors were from the North. Carpetbaggers got their name from their large carpetbags that they packed containing all of their belongings. Cincinnati. In fact, most of the Northern migrants came from middle-class backgrounds. carpetbagger, in the United States, a derogatory term for an individual from the North who relocated to the South during the Reconstruction period (186577), following the American Civil War. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Accustomed to viewing Southernersblack and whiteas devoid of economic initiative, the "Puritan work ethic", and self-discipline, they believed that only "Northern capital and energy" could bring "the blessings of a free labor system to the region. Republican-led racially integrated Reconstruction state legislatures were long and widely portrayed as corrupt and incompetent, but, though corruption was present in these legislatures, it was likely no more prevalent than in other 19th-century state governments. While some carpetbaggers supported African American equality and worked to protect their voting rights, others were motivated primarily by financial gain or political power. In 1889, he co-founded the African American newspaper National Democrat. 1909. Scalawags were white Southerners who cooperated politically with black freedmen and Northern newcomers. Candeloro, Dominic. The victor in the end was the "Minstrel" faction led by carpetbagger Elisha Baxter over the "Brindle Tail" faction led by Joseph Brooks, which included most of the scalawags. Scalawags were white Southerners who cooperated politically with black freedmen and Northern newcomers. B. social contract Spanish-American War Causes & Results | Who Won the Spanish-American War? The Northerners were especially successful in taking control of Southern railroads, aided by state legislatures. "[3], In the United Kingdom at the end of the 20th century, carpetbagger developed another meaning: in British English it refers to people who join a mutual organization, such as a building society, in order to force it to demutualize, that is, to convert into a joint stock company. D. consent of "[26] Tourge later wrote A Fool's Errand, a largely autobiographical novel about an idealistic carpetbagger persecuted by the Ku Klux Klan in North Carolina. [citation needed], Some historians of the early 1930s, who belonged to the Dunning School that believed that the Reconstruction era was fatally flawed, claimed that Chamberlain was later influenced by Social Darwinism to become a white supremacist. [56], The awards season blog of The New York Times is titled "The Carpetbagger". The new state legislatures formed in 1867-69 reflected the revolutionary changes brought about by the Civil War and emancipation: For the first time, Blacks and whites stood together in political life. A. natural law These "carpetbaggers" became targets of the white supremacist organization known as Ku Klux Klan because they supported the total integration in the US society of former slaves and they resided in the Southern states where the KKK operated. All rights reserved. fault Most of them were ex-soldiers, but others had not served in the military. This sum, enormous for the time, aroused great concern." Literally describing an unwelcome stranger with no more property than could be carried in a satchel (carpetbag), the epithet later came to refer to anyone perceived as an interloper who came to a region to exploit it against the wishes of the inhabitants. [5] Although "carpetbagger" and "scalawag" were originally terms of opprobrium, they are now commonly used in the scholarly literature to refer to these classes of people. They wanted their own land to farm and believed they had already paid for land by their years of uncompensated labor and the trials of slavery. In its earliest usage in the American South, the term was considered quite negative and was leveled as an insult. - Biography, Facts & Timeline, Oneida Nation: History & Connection to Paul Revere, Who was Edmund Randolph? "Carpetbaggers" redirects here. Carpetbagger was a pejorative denomination used by US citizens from the Southern states, former Confederates, to refer to people from the North who came to live in the South after the US Civil War. [37] He returned to Arkansas in 1888, setting up practice as a lawyer. After the war, southern states were required to be readmitted back into the Union. The term "carpetbaggers" refers to Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War, during Reconstruction. Planters whose properties occupied prime riverfront locations relied on river transportation, but smaller farmers in the backcountry suffered. The correct answer: "People from the North that moved to the South after the US Civil War". 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. Robert J. McNamara is a history expert and former magazine journalist. , After a __________ in singles, a player loses the serve. Sacalawags were white southerners that supported the Republican Party during Reconstruction. "William Hines Furbush (18391902)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carpetbagger&oldid=1152364086, Brown, Canter, Jr. "Carpetbagger Intrigues, Black Leadership, and a Southern Loyalist Triumph: Florida's Gubernatorial Election of 1872", Campbell, Randolph B. He was narrowly re-elected in a campaign marked by egregious voter fraud and violence against freedmen by Democratic Red Shirts, who succeeded in suppressing the black vote in some majority-black counties. [53] 2022 Republican nominee for Pennsylvania Senator Mehmet Oz was prominently attacked as a carpetbagger by his opponent John Fetterman for previously living in New Jersey until months before the election. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. [31], George E. Spencer was a prominent Republican U.S. Unlike Carpetbaggers, Scalwags were native southerners who began to support the Republican Party and their Reconstruction policies. In most cases, the carpetbaggers won out, and many scalawags moved into the conservative or Democratic opposition. Updates? He was a major speculator in a distressed financial paper. The term carpetbagger was a nickname for Answer: Northerners who came to the South and supported African American equality. side-out. After the Civil War, the South was badly in need of investment capital, and a large influx of Northerners sought economic opportunity there. Foner says Littlefield disbursed $200,000 (bribes) to win support in the legislature for state money for his railroads, and Democrats as well as Republicans were guilty of taking the bribes and making the decisions on the railroad. An error occurred trying to load this video. Responding to a brief news item in the newspaper which noted the negative connotations of the term, Foner said that many of those who went southward after the end of the Civil War did have good intentions. ", Concluding his letter, Foner said that the concept of the carpetbagger was essentially rooted in racism. answered expert verified The term carpetbagger was a nickname for Southerners who worked to repeal African American voting rights laws. Foner notes that "joined with the quest for profit, however, was a reforming spirit, a vision of themselves as agents of sectional reconciliation and the South's "economic regeneration." Once again, the carpetbagger attacks didn't prove effective, and Clinton won her election to the Senate. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Many southerners viewed the political motivations of Scalawags as traitorous to their southern heritage. Tunnell, Ted. This is only one of the many means these unprincipled demagogues have devised to perpetuate the intellectual bondage of my people. The correct answer: "People from the North that moved to the South after the US Civil War". McNamara, Robert. To White southern Democrats, scalawags were perhaps even worse than carpetbaggers, as they were viewed as betraying their own people. White southern Republicans, known to their enemies as scalawags, made up the biggest group of delegates to the Radical Reconstruction-era legislatures. They were prominent in the politics of the state until 1875, but nearly all left Mississippi in 1875 to 1876 under pressure from the Red Shirts and White Liners. The term carpetbagger was a nickname for Southerners who worked to repeal African American voting rights laws. B. social contract Furbush was originally elected as a Republican, but he switched to the Democratic Party at the end of his time as sheriff. It is likely that the actions of most of them were motivated by a combination of the pursuit of personal advancement and a desire to participate in the process of transforming the South from a slavery-based society to a more egalitarian one. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. But those with altruistic motivations, including teachers and employees of the Freedmen's Bureau, were also routinely denounced as carpetbaggers. The term was used to describe a White southerner who worked with members of the Republican Party and supported Reconstruction policies. [12][13], Initiatives such as the Southern Homestead Act, Sherman's field orders, and Reconstruction-era legislation by Radical Republicans aimed to strip the land, assets, and voting rights of Southerners believed, without evidence, to have supported the Confederates during the war.
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