was very fair. Their friendship as the film begins symbolizes a united nation. the ramifications of this story in all its facets not just the notable ones. Of course this wasnt unheard of in that era, while human lifespans had not yet shrunk down to their present levels. [6], Keturah is mentioned in two passages of the Hebrew Bible: in the Book of Genesis,[2] and also in the First Book of Chronicles. The Rabbis describe her as a woman of virtue, for which she was worthy of being joined to Abraham. They point to the defective spelling of pilegesh (concubine) in the biblical text (i.e. Didnt Abraham already send Hagar away (Gen 21)? A late midrash relates that Abraham built for Keturahs offspring a city surrounded by a high iron wall, and brought them inside. 1. He died at the age of 175. Abraham and Hagar had a son named Ishmael. [19] According to the Judean authors Josephus and Cleodemus Malchus, Punic people were descended from Epher, grandson of Abraham and Keturah. remarkable, for she was in her mid 60s and late 80s when these events She was perfumed (mekuteret) with commandments and good deeds (Gen. Rabbah 61:4); she was (through her good deeds) more savory (mekuteret) than all manner of spices (Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer [ed. He lives with his wife and family in Ramat Beit Shemesh, Israel. The children of Keturah are depicted as waste that issued from Abraham (Sifrei on Deuteronomy 312). There is a well-known Midrash that it was actually none other than Abrahams earlier concubine and mother of Ishmael, Hagar (Bereishit Rabbah 61:4 and elsewhere, see Rashi to 25:1). 2176 . a son of Abraham and Keturah. 1 Chronicles 1:32 (and also Genesis 25:6) shows us that Keturah was not considered to be of the same dignity as Sarah who, indeed, was the mother of the son of promise, and, for obvious reasons, the sons of Abraham's concubines were separated from Isaac. 1:3): and whatever he does prospers (Gen. Rabbah 61:1). Salem Media Group. son of contention, one of Job's friends. From 'ab and yada'; father of knowledge (ie Knowing); Abida, a son of Abraham by Keturah -- Abida, Abidah. Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. The midrash tells of something involving the Rabbis during the time of Alexander the Great. The offspring of Keturah was used as a disparaging appellation by the Rabbis when they wished to deride a Torah scholar who did not live up to expectations, just like the sons of Keturah, who, although the children of Abraham, did not attain the level of Isaac (BT Zevahim 62ab). The offspring of Keturah and of Ishmael came before Alexander and argued against Israel: The Land of IsraelErez Israel belongs to us and to you, for we also are the children of Abraham! Gebiha ben Pesisa came and said to the Rabbis: Grant me permission, and I will go and plead against them before Alexander the Great. and R. Yosef Karo (Beit Yosef, YD 275). Syrian Bedouin woman, at the World's Columbian Exposition, 1893. [16] According to modern scholar Richard Elliott Friedman, the identification of Keturah with Hagar has "no basis in the text".[5]. From . [4] Radak continues by explaining why this wouldnt matter to Abraham: [5] He is playing off of Genesis 26:35, with regard to Esaus Hittite wives. Since this presumably occurred after Isaacs marriage at 40 (25:20), and Ishmael was 14 years older than Isaac (compare Gen. 16:16 to 21:5), she bore Ishmael at least 54 years before her remarriage yet still, she gave birth to six more children. He raised the wall so high that sunlight would never enter; and he gave them precious stones and large pearls, which Israel would use in the days to come (Soferim, Hosafah [addition] 1, 1:1). From another wife (or wives) named Keturah, Abraham begat six nations who went to the East. Gen. 26 lists the six children that Keturah bore to Abraham: Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah, to which the midrash applies the verse (Ps. How The Nation Of The Troglodytes Were Derived From Abraham By Keturah. Chronicles, a late biblical book that knows and integrates traditions from the Torah and other earlier material now found in the Tanakh, resolves this problem by calling Keturah a concubine from the start: , The sons of Keturah, Abrahams concubine (1 Chr 1:32). Medan -- a son of Abraham and Keturah 4090, 4091. Help us elevate the voices of Jewish women. On a superficial level, The Birth of a Nation is a love story concerning the two families. 20:1-14, 24; Ezek. Ishmael was born and brought up in Abrahams household. (1 Chron. /hebrew/2175.htm - 6k, What is Meant by Abraham's Marrying Keturah after Sarah's Death. As Hagar begins to despair, God speaks to her, promising that Ishmael will become a great nation and showing her a well that saves both their lives.Jan 25, 2008, So Sarah throws Hagar and Ishmael out, and the homeless pair has to fend for themselves in the hot and barren desert. NOBSE Study Bible Name List and Jones' Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names agree: the name Keturah means Incense. Thus, Keturah and her children were by far secondary to Isaac and played no direct role in the story of Israel. And there was a famine in the land: and Abram First Chronicles 1:32 refers to Keturah as Abraham's concubine, so there is some debate as to the exact nature of their relationship. CHAPTER 15. Each of these views finds Scriptural support for its position: the three-wife opinion relies on Gen. 25:1: Abraham took another wife, implying a third wife in addition to the first two. Here a redaction-critical solution seems best. Abraham and Keturah had six sons. He asked: Whence do you bring a proof for your claim? They replied: From the Torah. Gebiha ben Pesisa retorted: I, too, will bring a proof from the Torah. The wife of Abraham, after the death of Sarah, Genesis 25:1-6. Let us know. Keturah is the second wife of Abraham, whom he took after the death of his first wife Sarah, and who bore him six additional sons, namely Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak and Shuah (Genesis 25:1-2). 31 December 1999. There have been quite a few revolutions and uprisings in the world, and although critics love to blame religion and differences in opinion, the main reason why people revolt is because their liberties are curtailed to the point that their lives aren't livable. Genesis 25:1 And Abraham took another wife, and her name was Keturah/k/ketu'rah.htm - 7k, Epher (4 Occurrences) Easton's Bible Dictionary A calf. Moses was an important person in Israel's mnemohistory and it is hardly surprising that multiple attempts may have been made in Israel's history to cement an alliance between Israel and a neighboring peopleMidianites, Kenites, perhaps even the Kushites (see Num 12:1)by claiming that the great Moses married into their clan during his wanderings in the wilderness. I or The Complete Works of Biblical After enumerating Nabal's enormous wealth in flocks (1 Sam 25:2), the narrative introduces her in contrast to him. Int. the area was also settled by Abraham's sons through Keturah (Gen. 25:1-4), the 12 sons of Ishmael (Gen. 25:13-16), and finally the sons of Esau (Gen. 36:1-19), all descendents of Abraham (also Semitic). Do We See Any Gospel Connections in the Book of Numbers? CHAPTER 15. One of the most important and influential men in the Old Testament is Abraham, affectionately called father by three major religions of the world. Her nationality is unknown. Rabbi Zev Farber Genesis 17:19. beautiful wife, later called Sarah. Shuach. religions of the world. Though she is called a "concubine," this may have been to distinguish her sons as well as Ishmael from Isaac the son of promise, Genesis 25:6; 1 Chronicles 1:32; Galatians 4:22 ,30. 9, vs. 7 saying "Are you not like the Children of Ethiopia to me, O Children of Israel"[4]. We know surprisingly little about Keturah. Hence Amos, ch. Though she is called a "concubine," this may have been to distinguish her sons as well as Ishmael from Isaac the son of promise, Genesis 25:6; 1 Chronicles 1:32; Galatians 4:22,30. thee alive. Abraham had all these when he remarried after the death of his wife Sarah. ke-tu'-ra, ke-too'-ra (qeTurah; Chettoura, "incense"): The second wife of Abraham (Genesis 25:1; 1Chronicles 1:32). (Egypt). deserts of Africa, Asia, and Arabia in search of a city whose builder and Concerning Sarah Abraham's Wife; And How She Ended Her Days. An additional explanation gives this word the meaning of binding or sealing (keshurah). The Children of Keturah as the Realization of Gods Blessing to Abraham, The Offspring of Keturah as a Constant Threat to Israel. Yishbaq -- a son of Abraham and Keturah 3434, 3435. 6. As a result of his unwavering faith in God, Abraham was promised by God to be a leader to all the nations of the world. (Gen. 11:10-27) Abraham told Keturah, for example, was referred to as a wife of Abraham in Genesis 25:1, but a concubine in vs. 6 of the same chapter (as well as later in 1 Chronicles 1:32). In opposition to the view that the offspring of Keturah were the realization of the Lords promise to Abraham, another approach presents them as perpetually menacing Israel. Black History and its Prophecy of the Races at Hagar was not. 1860.). A son Order. Abida -- "my father took knowledge," a son of Midian Abida, Abidah. According to the Biblical tradition, he contracted this second marriage after the death of Sarah (compare Genesis 23), and very likely after the marriage of Isaac (compare Genesis 24). Later, Abraham and Sarah told the same lie to another black King who also wished Shemitic people take pride in their males lineage and ignore The Torah gives us no background whatsoever regarding Keturah. Although Abraham took Keturah as a spouse, she was never his true wife. Through the" "offshoots of the Keturah line Abraham became the "father of many" "nations." Standard Bible Encyclopedia. The Lord commanded Sarah to give Hagar to Abraham for his wife and commanded Abraham to take Hagar as his wife (see D&C 132:3435). The minor character Asenath, mentioned in the Bible as Joseph's wife and mother of Manasseh and Ephraim, became the heroine of an ancient Jewish novel written between 100 BCE to 200 CE, likely in Egypt. Zipporah was one of seven Midianite sisters that mistook Moses for an Egyptian after he saved them from the men at the well ( Exodus 2:16-19 ). > pt:Quetura Abraham didnt marry Hagar. Although he does not suggest verses 14 as being from a separate source, he sees clearly that they bear no real relationship to verses 56. This notion is based on 25:6: But to Abrahams sons by concubines Abraham gave gifts while he was still living, and he sent them away from his son Isaac; and this expulsion is both in this world and in the world to come (Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer, chap. The Rabbis present this as a lesson in proper conduct: if a mans wife dies, and he has grown children, he should first see that they are married before himself taking a new wife (Gen. Rabbah 60:16). In any event, Abraham was at least in his 140s at that time (he would live to 175). Rabbi David D. Steinberg is the co-founder and director of TheTorah.com - Project TABS. Keturah. Standard Bible Encyclopedia. A type of non-halakhic literary activitiy of the Rabbis for interpreting non-legal material according to special principles of interpretation (hermeneutical rules). Egyptians claim their lineage is Shemitic through Ishmael, Abrahams The second unit doesnt seem to know about a second wife and other sons, since it seems to understand all of Abrahams other sons as coming from concubines.[6]. Episode 91: Israel at 75: Voices of Protest. | GotQuestions.org. In context, one might suggest that Abraham was simply lonely after Sarahs death. She indeed was entangled with her husband, Abraham. Subscribe to the CompellingTruth.org Newsletter: Genesis 25 records that Keturah is the wife Abraham married after his first wife Sarah died. Be our patron for as little as one dollar a month: https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Keturah.html, The Passion of the Christ and the Theory of Everything, Stars and fractals: the many hearts of wisdom, How the Bible relates to Homer like Ape to Dog, How circumcision created the modern world, The many Hebrew roots of the Greek language. It is sold by Booklocker.com, as well as by Amazon.com and all the major on-line sellers. a son of Abraham and Keturah. The name Keturah lends itself to a number of Rabbinic interpretations. A woman Abraham sent for from the home country? And the LORD The descendants of Dedan were the Asshurim, the Letushim, and the Leummim. 1915. Others believe that this opinion in the Midrash should not be taken literally and Keturah was a different woman, no doubt much younger. Keturah, on the other hand, was not a slave; she was a free woman. According to this opinion, it continued to their children and descendants as well. And Pharaoh commanded his men concerning him: In Muslim belief, Abraham fulfilled all the commandments and trials wherein God nurtured him throughout his lifetime. Second, the wifes new name of Keturah does not necessarily teach that this was a different woman; rather, it was a name given to Hagar in recognition of her good qualities (see below). You may unsubscribe from Bible Gateway's emails at any time. Order Blacks in the Bible Vol. Shemitic people take pride in their males lineage and ignore He used her as a surrogate mother a stand-in for his barren wife to produce an heir, following an ancient Bronze Age Near Eastern custom/law. "the written Torah." A son of Jokshan, Abraham's son by Keturah (1 Chronicles 1:32). 29); her deeds were as fine as incense (ketoretTanhuma, Hayyei Sarah 8). /hebrew/4091.htm - 6k, 3370. In the text, the daughter of an Egyptian priest falls in love with Joseph, turns to the God of Israel, marries Joseph, and is saved by God and some of Joseph's brothers from attack by . [9], ca:Quetur Keturah bore Abraham six sons, Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah. Genesis Rabbah interpreted the name Keturah in accordance with the opinion that she was identical to Hagar: the name was said to be related to the Aramaic ketur (knot) to imply that she was "bound" and did not have sexual relations with anyone else from the time she left Abraham until her return. Her nationality is unknown. and religion that calls Abraham its father: the Arabic religion of Islam. . Keturah was one of Abraham's wives. First, whether the spelling is defective or plene should make no difference in meaning. Ham. The Egyptians were direct descendants of Ham through his son, Mizraim (1.) The Rabbis describe her as a woman of virtue and for that she was worthy of being joined to that righteous one [Abraham]. When a person secures his valuables with his seal, they are still shut when he opens his treasury. She is styled "Abraham's concubine" ( 1Chronicles 1:32 ). "Keturah, Hiram and Aquila"and thou and I, Momus. a son of Abraham and Keturah. Why didst thou not tell me that she was thy wife? were not from Ishmaels line at all, but existed prior to Abraham, much less his 1Chronicles 1:32 (and also Genesis 25:6) shows us that Keturah was not considered to be of the same dignity as Sarah who, indeed, was the mother of the son of promise, and, for obvious reasons, the sons of Abraham's concubines were separated from Isaac. Please consider supporting TheTorah.com. whose name was Hagar. He is the author of Images of Joshua in the Bible and their Reception (De Gruyter 2016) and editor (with Jacob L. Wright) of Archaeology and History of Eighth Century Judah (SBL 2018). We rely on the support of readers like you. /hebrew/6989.htm - 6k, 28. A Talmudic tradition claims this is another name for Hagar who remarried Abraham in his old age. [17][18] The name Keturah was alternatively said to be derived from the ketoret (meaning "incense" in Hebrew) due to her deeds being as pleasing as incense. cousins. "William Baur, 4080. According to the Hebrew Bible, Keturah or Ketura (Hebrew: , ModernQtura TiberianQrh; "Incense") was the woman whom Abraham, the patriarch of the Israelites, married after the death of his wife, Sarah. Praises to Saint Gerard Majella are often said by those who seek the intercession of his saintly majesty to address specific issues or general blessings. She was the mother of 6 sons representing Arab tribes South and East of Palestine (Genesis 25:1-6), so that through the offspring of Keturah Abraham became "the father of many nations.". According to one view, Abraham remarried after the death of Sarah and had a total of three wives: Sarah, Hagar, and Keturah. Though the Torah describes them separately, the rabbis often identify Keturah with Hagar, who they state came back to remarry Abraham after Sarah's death. menservants, and maidservants, and she asses, and camels. (Genesis 25:1; 1 Chronicles 1:32) (B.C. She was the mother of 6 sons representing Arab tribes South and East of Palestine (Genesis 25:1-6), so that through the offspring of Keturah Abraham became "the father of many nations. In addition, in the days to come Abraham will be ashamed of Ishmael and the offspring of Keturah, as portrayed in Isa. Keturah was one of Abrahams wives. Ham. The Egyptians were direct descendants of Ham through his son, Mizraim Ask the Rabbi The first unit identifies the six descendants of Abraham through Keturah. In First Chronicles, she is called Abraham's "concubine"[3] (Hebrew: Translit. She freely married Abraham and became his bona fide wife. Her father Jethro was the priest of Midian, and it was he that gave Zipporah to Moses to marry. Shuah /hebrew/7744.htm - 5k, 4091. Zimran and Jokshan were so called because they would sing (mezamrim) and beat (mekishim) on a drum for idolatrous purposes (Gen. Rabbah 61:5). A theme in the Abraham stories is his lack of children, which is why he marries Hagar and has Ishmael. Keturah. "What is Meant by Abraham's Marrying Keturah After Sarah's Death. Multi-Version Concordance Ketu'rah (4 Occurrences). Hagar soon bore Ishmael, who was the first son of Abraham. (Beyond that, Midian had a more checkered history. We know little about Keturah, other than her name and the names of the sons she bore to Abraham ( Genesis 25:2; 1 Chronicles 1:33 ). No one could replace Sarah, the foremother of Israel. Keturah's sons were said to have represented the Arab tribes who lived south and east of Israel (Genesis 25:1-6). Modern day Thus, even though Abraham sent Hagar forth and she wandered in the wilderness, when he brought her back she remained chaste and no other man had known her, for which she was known as Keturah (Gen. Rabbah 61:4). Rabbah 2:13). If this verse is referring to Keturah, why is the word plural,[2] and why does the terminology switch from wife (ishah) to concubine (pilegesh)? [5][6][7] This interpretation is set forth in the Midrash[8] and is supported by Rashi, Gur Aryeh, Keli Yakar, and Obadiah of Bertinoro. All of Keturahs sons were the heads of nations (Gen. Rabbah 61:5). (WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS NIV), International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 3912. Perhaps they took some of the spiritual heritage they gained from Abraham and later discovered their own paths. So who was Keturah? | GotQuestions.org, How many sons did Abraham have? Radak comes very close to seeing the redaction critical point. Some Jewish sages have proposed that Keturah and Hagar, the mother of Ishmael, are the same person, but there's no evidence in the text to support this, and this proposition is ultimately fantastic. When God wished to give the Torah, He offered it to the children of Keturah and to the Ishmaelites, but they refused to accept it, since they could not abandon the robbery and theft on which their lives were based (Midrash Tannaim on Deut. the ramifications of this story in all its facets not just the notable ones. This is odd for two reasons. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. How long did the actual slavery of Egypt last? In fact, a difference in opinion is often a characteristic of political peace rather than the reason for its demise. Reply, Sons of Keturah and Abraham The Family Tree of Abraham is found in the Book of Genesis along with his life story. beautiful Shemitic wife to ravish her, and God had to intervene to rescue her. Recall that after the Flood, Ham, the father of the black races, Rashi asserts that that Keturah is the same person as Hagar, and he quotes a midrash to explain the name change: Perhaps the Sages were bothered by Abrahams treatment of Hagar and hoped to make midrashic amends. Abraham and his beautiful wife Sarai wandered the deserts of Africa, Asia, and Arabia in search of a city "whose builder and maker was God" Himself. Once Sarah has her child, the narrative is occupied with describing her jealousy against Ishmael, the son of Abrahams other wife, Hagar. All these were the children of Keturah. Though the Torah describes them separately, the rabbis often identify Keturah with Hagar, who they state came back to remarry Abraham after Sarahs death. Second, in our Torah texts (and in the Samaritan Pentateuch) the spelling is, in fact, plene, as is pointed out by Chizkuni (ad loc.) Yishbaq. During this trek through Africa, Abraham feared its Keturah is referred to in Genesis as "another wife" of Abraham[2] (Hebrew: .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans} Translit. themselves Shemitic through Abraham rather than Hamitic by Hagar. Her ancestry is not mentioned, although she was presumably a local Canaanite. And it came to pass, Her children are depicted both as the fulfillment of part of Gods promise to Abraham to be blessed by the nations and as a menace to Israel, like their brother Ishmael. 33:2). (see the book Ethiopia the classic case pg.47). However, when they saw Josephs crown suspended above Jacobs coffin, they took their own crowns and also suspended them above the coffin. Easton's Bible Dictionary The Egyptians were not Canaanites, but were their What Every Christian Should Know about the Protestant Reformation. Nouns (qetoret), (qitter), (muqtar) and (qeturah) refer to incense. Then again Abraham took a wife, and her name was Keturah. Chapter 34. window.location.replace(""); According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. According to the Judean authors Josephus and Cleodemus Malchus, Punic people were descended from Epher, grandson of Abraham and Keturah. And they reply: he gave them the name of impurity. This apparently means that he taught them the secrets of sorcery, a characteristic occupation of the non-Jews, which distinguishes them from Israel (BT Sanhedrin 91a). Does anyone know where the Ark of the Covenant is today? ), suggests that the primary purpose of these verses is to associate the names that follow with Abraham. B. XIV. [7] See Robert Wilson, Genealogy and History in the Biblical World (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977). : pilege Translated: concubine[11]). The view that was widely accepted by the Rabbis is the one which identifies Keturah with Hagar, and it appears in various A type of non-halakhic literary activitiy of the Rabbis for interpreting non-legal material according to special principles of interpretation (hermeneutical rules).midrashim. And it came to pass, when he was come near to enter into Egypt, that he said What nationality was Keturah in the Bible? Noun (miqtar) describes a place of sacrificial smoke, (miqteret) means censer and (meqattera) means incense altar. Alternatively, Keturah also shares the same root as the Hebrew word for incense ( ketoret ); for her good deeds were sweet and pleasant like incense. Perhaps they could not picture Abraham taking a new wife at his advanced ageaccording to the Genesis chronology, he would be 140 at the time of this marriagebut were more comfortable with him reverting to a woman with whom he once lived. his wife to tell the Pharaoh that he was her brother, so the African king would Dont miss the latest essays from TheTorah.com. Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Int. Her nationality is Ethiopian as she was the mother of Sheba and the Medians whose descendant, Jethro,or Ragu'el or Reu'el the Ethiopian priest of Median begot a daughter, Zipporah, who, in the Scriptures, was referred to as the Ethiopian wife of Moses. The film was America's first feature . According to one opinion in the midrashic work Genesis Rabbah, Keturah and Hagar are names for the same person, whom Abraham remarried after initially expelling. Even as in biblical times, Shemitic countries today and Midyan. The film focuses on two families: One from the North, the Stonemans, and one from the South, the Camerons. Answer Keturah was Abraham's second wife, following the death of Sarah, his first wife ( Genesis 23:2; 25:1 ). a son of Abraham and Keturah, also his desc. The biblical account is as follows: And there was a famine in the land: and Abram See Antiq. 5. One of the most important and influential men in Abigail, the wife of Nabal of Carmel, is the only woman in the Hebrew Bible who is described as both intelligent and beautiful. (Viewed on May 1, 2023) . Noun (qitor) refers to thick smoke. Source critical scholars suggest that verses 14 and 56 represent two different units. The Torah likewise records that Abraham gave gifts to the children of his concubines and sent them off during his lifetime (Gen. 25:6).
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